In a short paragraph, explain why the Senate can function effectively with a few more informal atmosphere than the House of...

I am not sure that this is still true since the Senate has gotten to be more contentious lately, however...

The main reason why this is true can be found in the number of members in the two houses.  The Senate only has 100 members and so its members can (potentially) function more like a group of friends and colleagues.  The House, with its 435 members, cannot work on personal relationships.  This same dynamic is helped by the fact that Senators serve for 6 years.  This tends to give them more time to get to know one another.

The Senate can function effectively even though it is rather informal.  This is because its members know each other better and have more personal relationships.

If there is a breeze blowing from the ocean to the land on the coast of Maine, what time of the day is it, and how do you know?

This would happen during the day, as soon as the sun has warmed things up a bit. At night, the reverse would happen. This is all due to the sun warming the land and the sea. When the UV radiation from the sun hits, the land heats up faster than the water does. The air directly over the land warms more than the air over the water. Warm air is lighter than cool air, and the air over the land rises. Cool air from over the surface of the ocean moves over the land to replace the rising, warmer (and lighter) air, and you get a sea breeze. It all has to do with radiation and pressure gradients, and is not as pronounced on a cloudy day.

In the play how do I explain "puns and epigrams." And where are they?

Check your prompt.  Are you being asked to define "pun" and "epigram" and to give examples from the play?  Are you being asked to explain the purpose of "pun" and "epigram" in depicting characters or actions?  Are you being asked to explain why this particular play conveys so much information through the use of "pun" and "epigram"?  Once you identify the question or problem you can  better frame your response.

If your prompt asks you to develop a definition and give examples, then you need to examine what a "pun" and what an "epigram" are.  A general dictionary is not the best place to begin such a search and you might want to  focus your search terms, pairing them with literature - Another way to develop a working definition of a term - in this case "pun" - is to figure out what larger type or class of thing it belongs to.  For instance, after you research "pun", try to state what "a pun" is in reference to a larger category - and then try to state in your own word what makes it different from, say, an "epigram."

Once you get a feel for the terms you might see that the title of the play contains a pun and if you read it a certain way, the title can become an epigram as it does when repeated by Jack Worthing at the end of ACT III.

If you are being asked to explain how "pun" and "epigram" define character and action in the play, then you need to be able to identify puns and epigrams.  Epigrams are short statements that convey a lesson or sentiment that one would probably agree was true.  The meaning of a pun, however, might turn on just a single word or phrase, but may not often fulfill the function of the epigram.  In any case, the epigram and pun are both examples of verbal wit - that is, the person who makes the pun or asserts the epigram, is aware of what they are doing.

Why, then, does this play employ so much verbal irony and wit?  Well, we know that this type of irony involves self awareness - to see the world as it really is and then express it, is truly one of the great dramas that mark our physical and intellectual growth. One of the most famous characters of adolescent literature, Holden Caulfield, from "Catcher in the Rye", illustrates this idea.  In the play, "The Importance of Being Earnest" Algernon is probably the most self knowing character - he sees the stuffy world around him and wishes to escape through "bunburying."  His Aunt Augustus, is probably the least self aware person in the play and is happy with things as they are. You might explain how Algernon's many puns and epigrams, are ways in which he tries to explode the conventions of the society that suffocate him.  But Algernon's explosive wit, is counter balanced by Jack's slow and fumbling path to knowledge of the society around him and his development as a person.

Thus the play concludes with an interesting paradox:  if Algernon's wit has exposed all the falseness of the social conventions around him, how does Jack's epigram concerning "the vital importance of being Ernest" reflect the value of maintaining appearances?

Why is Helmholtz sent away in Brave New World?

Pohnpei397 is spot on, however I think when looking at
this question it is also important to consider how Helmholtz reacts to this
banishment.

readability="17">

 "Whereas, if [Bernard] had the smallest sense,
he'd understand that his punishment is really a reward. He's being sent to an island.
That's to say, he's being sent to a place where he'll meet the most interesting set of
men and women to be found anywhere in the world. All the people who, for one reason or
another, have got too self-consciously individual to fit into community-life. All the
people who aren't satisfied with orthodoxy, who've got independent ideas of their own.
Every one, in a word, who's any one. I almost envy you, Mr.
Watson."

[...]

Helmholtz
rose from his pneumatic chair. "I should like a thoroughly bad climate," he answered. "I
believe one would write better if the climate were bad. If there were a lot of wind and
storms, for example …"


The Controller nodded his
approbation. "I like your spirit, Mr. Watson. I like it very much indeed. As much as I
officially disapprove of it." He smiled. "What about the Falkland
Islands?"


"Yes, I think that will do," Helmholtz
answered. "And now, if you don't mind, I'll go and see how poor Bernard's getting on."

While Bernard completely panics at the the
prospect of being banished to  an island, Helmholtz is very accepting of the idea. After
conversing with Mond about the the type of information he will be exposed to there,
Helmholtz realizes that he will be able to think somewhat individually while banished.
Furthermore, he will be surrounded by other "radical" thinkers, which he converse with
and develop ideas with. While it is unlikely that Helmholtz, or any of these other
radical thinkers will be able to follow through on any of their ideas, the simple
prospect of being able to think for himself is enticing.

How does Garcia Marquez's use of setting contribute to the Magical Realism or of creating a modern fable?"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" by...

The merging of fantastic elements with realistic detail, blurring the reader's ability to discern the usual distinctions is what is known as Magical Realism.  The village of "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" may appear appealing, but it is a complex and disturbing fantasy as Marquez combines realistic detail with fantastic.

The first to see the old man are Pelayo and his wife, and their explanations are both realistic and fantastic:

• In the rear of the courtyard of Pelayo's house,  a very old man lies face down in the mud, struggling because of his huge buzzard wings. [fantastic]


• Pelayo and his wife stare at him so long that he "becomes familiar," so they form an explanation that he has been shipwrecked. [realistic]


• The neighbor who "knows everything about life" explains that the man is a flesh-and-blood angel. [blending of realistic and fantastic]


• Pelayo and his wife put the old angel in a chicken coop [blending of realistic and fantastic]

With the priest, there is a blurry distinction between the natural and the supernatural:

• Father Gonzago arrives and "reviews his catechism" before looking at the pitiful man who resembles "a hug decrepit chicken."  When the priest speaks to him in Latin, he suspects that the angel is an impostor because it does not know Latin, and he warns the villagers that the devil uses "carnival tricks to confuse the wary." [supernatural]


• But, soon, the courtyard has the "bustle of a marketplace and troops have to be called in to disperse the mob that almost knocks down the house. [natural]


• When news spreads, invalids come to be cured; Pelayo and Elisenda cram their rooms with money as they charge admission [supernatural with natural] to see the old man in a nest with sacramental candles placed along the wire.


• As the spectators pick at him, the angel speaks in his hermetic language with tears in his eyes.   Father Gonzaga waits for word from Rome.

The setting, then, becomes reduced to that of a fantastic carnival:

• A woman who has been turned into a spider arrives.


• The angel's miracles are ludicrous.  For instance, a blind man does not recover his set, but instead grows three teeth, Father Gonzago is cured of his insomnia, and Pelayo's courtyard is emptied of people.

After the people leave, the setting becomes more realistic:

• The couple build a two-story mansion with balconies, high gardens, and netting so that the crabs will not enter.  But, the angel still remains.


• The child starts school, but the drooping stray dying man of an angel remains.

The ending is less than fantasy, but has some fantastic elements:

• Finally, he survives the winter and improves.  He flies off and Elisenda lets out a sigh because he is no longer an annoyance.

Show the different approaches to life and death or good and evil illustrated in the book The Great Gatsby.

Life and death in The Great Gatsby can best be illustrated through the death of Myrtle. There are several approaches to this. Wilson is devastated because his wife has been murdered. His approach to death is intensely personal. His reaction is to seek revenge, and this ultimately leads him to kill Gatsby. However, he then commits suicide which shows that he does not want to live with having killed Gatsby nor with the loss of Myrtle. Gatsby, on the other hand, has killed before (presumably in the war although the rumors that fly make it seem more like a murder). His reaction is distanced. He seeks only to protect Daisy (as she was the one who actually killed Myrtle), so he allows Daisy to leave the scene of the accident and then he gets rid of the evidence (the car) to protect her. Tom's reaction, aside from some feigned attempt at tears over losing his mistress when he speaks with Nick at the end, is one of sweeping away the negativity through liberal application of money (the new house). He is also willing to sell out Gatsby to Wilson and feels that Gatsby got what he deserved. As Fitzgerald writes - they are "careless people" - referring to Daisy and Tom. Daisy as well is willing to pretend that it never happened and wipe away the stain with money. The only person with a real perspective on death is Meyer Wolfsheim who understands that the way we treat people when they are alive is what matters, not what we do for them after they die. However, it is also clear that few people cared that Gatsby was dead because most of the party-goers were like Tom and Daisy, more interested in money and fun than in human life.

Much of these same character traits represent the good and evil in the novel as well. It is all a matter of moral perspective. Is Daisy's denial of her "crime" (even if an accident, she left the scene) evil? Is her affair with Gatsby evil? Is Tom's affair with Myrtle evil? The relative evil of these actions depends upon where the reader falls on the moral continuum. What about Meyer Wolfsheim? He is obviously a member of the "underworld" that existed in the 1920s. His actions are not legal, but many of his motives seem to be good. So, where does that leave him? Much in the same state as Gatsby who had good intentions, but whose actions were not always good. Even Nick, an outside observer, might be considered "evil" in that he knew the truth about Myrtle's death but kept silent. He places himself on a higher level than Tom and Daisy at the end, in a position of moral superiority, but there is a real question of the degree to which he is actually morally superior in light of his silence.

In Act 4 Scene 1, why is the witches' chant given in such detail?

This is Shakespeare's way of showing us just how evil the witches are and what sort of trouble Macbeth is in for making deals with these women.  They aren't doing Macbeth any favors...they are simply toying with him because he is an overly ambitious idiot of a human.  They use him as a plaything. 

We also know by their words that Macbeth's character has changed completely.  The second witch announces his approach by saying, "By the pricking of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes."

The evil the witches are capable of is especially illustrated in some of the ingredients such as an Adder's forked tongue and the finger of a baby who was strangled at birth.

The rhythm of their chant is also helpful in creating an evil sing-song mood for the scene.

Shakespeare sets all this up and then allows Macbeth to come strolling in and demanding that these women show him what he's come to know.  He's in no position to demand, but his ego is so overinflated by this time that he thinks he controls everything and everyone. 

All of this helps build the suspense for the remainder of the play as well.

What is the role of the conversation between Elizabeth and Mr. Collins in chapter nineteen of Pride and Prejudice?

This rather awkward and comedic scene between Elizabeth
and Collins serves to reveal even more about Elizabeth's nature and character.  We learn
several very important things about her.  In this scene, Mr. Collins proposes; he is a
respectable man with a respectable position in life, and marrying him would be a
fortunate match for the poor Elizabeth, and serve to take her off of the hands of her
parents.  Her mother expects the proposal, and heartily hopes that Elizabeth agrees. 
Agreeing would also solve the stressful situation of the family money, since Collins is
a benefactor.

So, Elizabeth has pressure from her family,
from society, and from her own sense of duty and obligation all weighing on her response
to this proposal.  However, despite all of this, she refuses, because she simply can't
stand the man.  This reveals two important things about Elizabeth.  She is highly
independent, and stubbornly acts on her own feelings of right and wrong, along with her
own feelings on romance and love.  She is willing to risk being an old maid, and living
forever at her parents' house, then spend a lifetime with someone that she cannot love
or respect.  It is a risky endeavor; as Mr. Collins so indelicately puts it, it's not
like she can expect a proposal from someone better, given her family's circumstances. 
Secondly, we learn that for her to marry, she must love and respect the man.  She puts
love and respect above all else, and clings to it, even in the face of loneliness and
possible burdens on other people.  Unlike her more practical friend Charlotte, who
accepts Collins so that she won't burden her family anymore, Elizabeth wants more, and
holds out for real happiness.

Elizabeth is a strong-willed
and independent female, who risks all to ensure her own happiness.  In Jane Austen's
time, females like that were few and far between, and often looked down upon by
society.  Liz's conversation with Mr. Collins in this chaper reveals quite a bit about
her character and personality.  I hope that helped; good luck!

Calculate the value of expression log 7 (2) + log 7 (14) - log 7 (4)

First, we'll write the term log 7 (14) = log 7 (7*2).

We'll apply the product rule of logarithms:

log 7 (7*2) = log 7 (7) + log 7 (2)

log 7 (7*2) = 1 + log 7 (2)

We'll substitute the term log 7 (14) by it's result, 1 + log 7 (2).

The expression will become:

E = log 7 (2) + log 7 (14) - log 7 (4)

E = log 7 (2) + 1 + log 7 (2) - log 7 (4)

We'll group log 7 (2) + log 7 (2) = 2log 7(2)

We'll use the power rule:

2log 7(2) = log 7 (2^2) = log 7 (4)

E = log 7 (4) + 1 - log 7 (4)

We'll reduce the similar terms:

E = 1

What are Nora's strengths and weaknesses in her character how does these connect to her character change and theme?

Nora's character strengths include her dedication to the men in her life (father/husband), her innocence and naivete, the ability to make people around her smile, and her loyalty and love for her friends, and her children.

Her weaknesess are plenty: She has neglected herself, lives in a fantasy world, assigned herself a fictitious role as her husband's doll/squirrel/lark or whatever name he chooses to give her, she acts impulsively, is very immature, and does not recognize consequences for her actions.

Both her weaknesses and strength make Nora who she is: A woman lost. She has no clue what she wants from life or what to expect from people except from what her imagination dictated her due to her immaturity, her lack of exposure to the real world, and her naivete.

For this reason, when Nora faces for the first time the cruelty of reality through her husband's reproach, all that she had built came down to shambles. She had built a reality based on her weaknesses, and her strengths were openly rebutted by the man she sacrificed her dignity for: Her own husband. She then decides to walk away, although not knowing where to. All that we know is that Nora finally woke up and chose to face life the hard way, perhaps as a way to make herself learn.

What is the difference between a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron?

Neurons transmit impulses  from one neuron to the next neuron across the synapse. Said another way, the synapse is where neurons meet each other, chemicals called neurotransmitters fuse across the synapse. These neurotransmitters are necessary to convey the nervous "message" from one to the next. The answer to your question is just of location. Anatomically, the presynaptic neuron is the neuron before the synapse, this neuron is delivering the "message" across the synapse to the postsynaptic neuron. The postsynaptic neuron is the "receiver" of the neurotransmitter "message". Again, the difference is just one of location with one sending the chemical message and the other receiving the chemical message.

In "The Adventure of the Speckled Band", why did Doyle choose Watson, who is not a key character, to be the narrator?

Part of it has to do with suspense.  If Holmes were the narrator, then the audience would know the solution to the mystery too earlier.  Doyle would not be able to slowly demonstrate the process of the investigation.  However, Watson is an outside observer who can do that, while also giving a positive spin on Holmes.  The detective could appear to be cold, calculating, without sympathy.  Watson, in admiring him, helps to humanize him.  If others were the narrator, then Doyle could not do many stories in the same style.

What are spinal tracts?

Spinal tracts are basically groups of nerves which are named based on the type of information that they send as well as the origin and destination of signals. There are two main types: Ascending tracts, which include Spinothalamic, Spinocerebellar, Fasciculus Gracilis and Fasciculus Cuneatus; and Descending tract, which is the Corticospinal tract.

Ascending Tracts

The Spinothalamic tracts carry conscious pain, temperature, crude touch, and pressure. The Spinocerebellar tract carries unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum which is responsible for muscle coordination. What is proprioception you ask? Close your eyes and hold your hands straight out in front of you. How do you know your hands are straight out in front of you? The nerves in your arms send a signal to your brain so that you feel where your hands are at. That's proprioception. The Fasciculus Gracilis and Fasciculus Cuneatus tracts carry discriminative touch (the gracilis) and conscious proprioception (the cuneatus). Discriminative touch allows you to specifically localize the location whereas crude touch does not.

Descending Tracts

The Corticospinal Tract, or Pyramidal Tract, originates in the cerebral cortex where voluntary motor control is localized. There are two branches, the lateral and the anterior. The lateral crosses in the medulla in an area known due to its appearance as the pyramids. The anterior does not cross. These fibers are called "upper motor neurons" and they synapse with "lower" motor neurons in the cord which lead to the skeletal muscles.

What happens after Jonas hears an echo in The Giver?

You will have to read Lowry's Gathering
Blue to find that one out!  Although this book is not meant to be a sequel to
The Giver, in it the author does give some information about Jonas
and Gabriel, but I won't spoil your fun in finding out.... (Yes, they are thriving and
doing well, but in what way?...)

By the way, there is a
third related story called The Messenger, which is more closely
related to the second book than to the first.  Enough material there for a nice, little
read, so enjoy!

In your eyes, how is Jay Gatsby perceived as a madman ?

Jay Gatsby, a man who "appears to be mentally ill" or "a lunatic"? In my eyes, as with the prior editors, Gatsby is far from insane.  He knows exactly what he is doing and for what reasons, an indication of complete sanity.  However, if one is using this epithet loosely, as used in J.D. Salinger's Catcher in the Rye in which a madman is a colloquialism used frequently to express Holden's crazy antics, then perhaps one can infer that Gatsby is acting a little crazy in his obsession with Daisy.

After all, is it "normal" to throw lavish parties and not attend in order to attract the woman of your dreams, night after night, watching and hoping that she will attend? Is it "normal" that his sole reason of being is to be with his past love? Is it "normal" that he

commits himself to “the following of a grail” in his pursuit of her and what she represents. This obsession is characteristic of a dreamer like Gatsby, who loses a sense of reality but rather believes in “a promise that the rock of the world was founded securely on a fairy's wing.”

In my eyes, is Jay Gatsby a "madman" in the denotative meaning? No. But, if one is using "madman" in the looser sense, a person who "loses a sense of reality", and who is senselessly trying to recreate the past creating potential havoc in the process, then I would have to agree.

Do lions stay in groups? Where do they live (I do not want the country. I want where do they live in the country ex: cage, nest).

Lions do actually live in groups, they are called prides.  These groups are relatively large, consisting of a total of up to 10-15 lions including related females and their cubs and one or two males.  They work together in hunts in order to be more effective and share in the kills.

There are lions that do not live in these groups or are excluded and then are found as nomads singly or in groups of two.

They often prefer to live in grasslands or other similar areas where they can take advantage of their coloring and other factors to sneak up on their prey as they are not capable of long bursts of speed to catch prey.

In Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, how does Mama explain to Cassie about her angry encounter with Mr. Simms and Big Ma's handling of it?

Big Ma, Cassie Logan's live-in grandmother, to her
astonishment permits her to ride in the wagon to the nearby Mississippi town of
Strawberry on market day. Later that day, preoccupied with the shame of a racist
encounter with the manager of the town's general store, Cassie accidentally bumps into
Lillian Jean Simms, a white girl her own age. Not content with a simple apology, the
Simms girl demands Cassie get down from the sidewalk into the road. As Cassie refuses
this further humiliation, Mr. Simms intervenes and forces her into the road. Into this
ugly confrontation steps Big Ma who insists that Cassie apologize. She does so,
reluctantly, but is infuriated with her grandmother. Later, as Cassie prepares to go to
bed, Mama explains Big Ma's actions:

readability="6">

"Big Ma didn't want you to be hurt...That was the
only thing on her mind...making sure Mr. Simms didn't hurt
you."

Not satisfied with that
answer, Cassie questions the endemic racism of her
environment:

readability="5">

"How come I gotta go 'round calling her 'Miz'
like she grown or
something?"

Mama, troubled
because her only daughter has had her first encounter with brutal inhumanity, explains
that Mr. Simms pushed her into the street "because he's one of those people who has to
believe that white people are better than black people to make himself feel
big."

As Cassie stares at her uncomprehendingly, Mama
retells the story of slavery and Christianity corrupted and
emancipation:

readability="8">

"Even though seventy years have passed since
slavery, most white people still think of us as they did then - that we're not as good
as they are - and people like Mr. Simms hold on to that belief harder than some other
folks because they have little else to hold on
to."

Still not placated by
this unjust state of affairs, Mama reminds Cassie that however unchosen the colour of
one's skin is, she has infinite "choice over what we make of our lives once we're
here...And I pray God you'll make the best of yours."

List three ways the pigs become more human-like in Chapter 10 of Animal Farm.

The pigs use human practices to run the farm like a business. They generate a lot of paperwork, such as reports, memos, files, and meeting minutes, which they burn after reading them.

The pigs are walking on two feet, and they see Napoleon walking this way with a whip in his hoof. The animals are shocked by this, but the sheep change their slogan to "Four legs good, tow legs better!" to conform to the new change.

The pigs connect to the human world of media by buying newspapers, radios, and telephones. They can get information and communicate as the humans have always done.

They convert the farm to a more human version of a farm by removing the hoof and horn from the flag and changing the name from Animal Farm back to Manor farm. They announce these changes during a card game they hosted for the other farmers.

What and where are dramatic irony, allusion, paradox and ambiguity in "Everything That Rises Must Converge"?

Flannery O’Connor was a master of irony in her short stories. In Everything that Rises Must Converge, there is irony in the character of Julian. Although the story is narrated in the third person, O’Connor gives us insight into Julian’s thoughts in the way she narrates what he is thinking. He has a very dysfunctional relationship with his mother but by the end of the novel, the reader slowly comes to sympathize with his mother and not him. This is achieved through the self-serving thoughts and insensitivity Julian exhibits towards his mother, in spite of her foibles. Julian continues to plot ways of getting even with his mother in his mind and with his superior attitude, wishes all sorts of evil upon her, purposefully sitting next to the Black woman on the bus, etc. In the end, his wish to punish his mother comes true when his mother dies as a result of the stress that he has caused her by his cruelty. He is the one that ends up learning the lesson. This is situational irony.

There is moral ambiguity in the short story. The mother has racist attitudes which she naively shares with Julian about having Negro servants growing up and believing that Negroes were better off as slaves, and yet she plays games with the little Black boy on the bus. Julian fancies himself a liberal, free of racist attitudes, yet he wishes he could have some of his family’s plantation wealth and mentally wonders what his mother would do if he brought a Black woman home to dinner. Neither Julian nor his mother are stereotypical bigots, but they harbor racist attitudes without really realizing it. Julian and his mother are ambiguous because they are neither heroes nor villains.

When Julian’s mother is telling him of his high-class ancestry, she makes an allusion that leads the reader to believe that the family name mentioned is one of high social class. We don’t know that the “Godhighs” were rich, but the way the mother throws in this allusion, we must assume that they were.

“Your great-grandfather was a former governor of this state,” she said. “Your grandfather was a prosperous land-owner. Your grandmother was a Godhigh.” 

Another allusion is when the mother is talking to a bus patron about Blacks riding the bus. Blacks are not referred to specifically, but alluded to:

“I see we have the bus to ourselves,” she said. 

 “I come on one the other day and they were thick as fleas - up front and all through.”

 A paradox true statement or a statement that a person believes is true that leads to a contradiction or a situation which defies what is reasonable. Julian makes the following true statements, but can you detect how his statements really mean something else? There are several paradoxes in this excerpt, the first one being that he really has not turned out so well.

 “The further irony of all this was that in spite of her, he had turned out so well. In spite of going to only a third-rate college, he had, on his own initiative, come out with a first-rate education; in spite of growing up dominated by a small mind, he had ended up with a large one; in spite of all her foolish views, he was free of prejudice and unafraid to face facts.

What are Atticus's strengths and weaknesses and response to conflicts in Chapter 10?

Chapter 10 of To Kill a Mockingbird concerns Jem's and Scout's worries that their father is "old," "feeble" and unmanly. Atticus responds to Jem's request that they play tackle football with what becomes a standard " 'I'm too old for that, son.' " (This is the response he gives later when Bob Ewell demands to fight.) Although the children never discuss Atticus' supposed failings with him, they bring up the matter with Miss Maudie, who assures them that Atticus has " 'life in him yet.' " When Atticus arrives at the scene of the mad dog, Tim Johnson, staggering up the street, Sheriff Tate quickly recognizes the right man for the job. He well remember's Atticus' marksmanship skills as a youth and thrusts the rifle at him. Atticus' humility is evident.

"I haven't shot a gun in thirty years--"

But he takes the rifle and proceeds to put down the dog in one shot. However, his initial reluctance probably has nothing to do with the rustiness of his skills: He knows that Jem and Scout are watching, and he is not comfortable with them knowing this side of his past. He is also a humble man, and he doesn't consider his talent worth of accolades. When Maudie calls him by his old nickname--" 'I saw that, One-Shot Finch' "--Atticus glares at her. When Heck begins to tell the children about their father's marksmanship skills, Atticus tells him to " 'Hush.' "

It becomes clear that Atticus is not as feeble as his children believe, but the scene also shows his humility concerning his skills. Killing is not a talent, nor is it a something of which to be proud. Jem recognizes this strength at the end of the chapter when he tells Scout not to brag about it at school.

"Atticus is a gentleman, just like me!"

In chapter 15, explain why Mr. Cunningham changed his mind, and why the others followed him. What did Scout's words do?

Scout began talking about his son Walter, a friend of hers
at school. She also talked about the entailment he had. She had no idea really what
entailment was, but she knew it was bad. It's really not so much what she said but
how she said it that made the difference. She talked to Mr.
Cunningham as if the two of them were buddies.

No one else
around the circle really talked. When Scout was done, she said to say hey to Walter for
her. Mr. Cunningham grew some humanity in that moment. She humbled him. He told the boys
to clear out and that talk from that little girl stifled and prevented a possible
altercation between the men and Atticus, or the men and Tom Robinson. She has no idea
that she did it.

What is the development of the relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy throughout Pride and Prejudice?

At the beginning of the novel, their relationship starts off on bad footing when Elizabeth is introduced to Darcy at a ball, and she deems him aloof, snobby and quite rude, as she overhears some of his rather condescending comments about her and her family.  Darcy is intrigued by Elizabeth, but doesn't give her much thought.  Later, as they are put into more situations together, their relationship grows in complexity.  Elizabeth walks over to Bingley's house to check on her sister Jane, who is there ill.  Darcy is again intrigued by her rather unconventional approach, and likes her forthright opinions and self-confidence.  Elizabeth, however, still thinks that he is snobby, and her opinion of him worsens as Wickham spreads lies about Darcy's past relationship with him. Then, when Elizabeth finds out that Darcy discouraged Bingley's attachment to Jane, her bad opinion grows even more.  But Darcy is so interested in her that even offers a proposal, which she rejects.

So, Elizabeth, for a good portion of the novel, thinks that Darcy is a haughty, arrogant and cruel person.  She is incredibly prejudiced against him, and prideful in her attitude.  After the first proposal rejection, Darcy sees that Elizabeth can be quite snobby herself, and that her family has some tragic flaws that are pretty hard to overlook, especially after the Lydia/Wickham elopement.  Elizabeth, on the other hand, starts to soften her opinion of Darcy; she learns the truth of Wickham's nature, and realizes that Darcy was prudent to warn Bingley of their family.  She sees his estate, and hears reports of his amiable and giving nature, and she even has several positive experiences with him and her aunt and uncle. She learns to love him, and regret her rejection of his proposal.

So, both characters are hindered by both pride and prejudice at different parts of the novel, but eventually learn to overcome them and develop true and deep feelings for one another. I hope that helps; good luck!

Why has the issue over proper balance between the national government and the states generated such controversy from 1789 to the present?

On the proper balance between the national government and the states:

I can think of a couple of reasons for controversy on this issue. First, freedom: If your state government enacts a policy that prevents you from making a living in the way by which you are accustomed, it is fairly easy for you to move to the next state. If the national government enacts a policy that prevents you from making a living in the way by which you are accustomed, it is more difficult and expensive for you to move to another country. So, the more policy fields that are left to the state governments and the fewer that are given to the national government, the more freedom to choose, each individual has.

Some people are not happy unless they have power and control.  They would prefer national power so that it can be used to limit how you make your living, or how you recreate (no gambling or no alcohol), or how your health care institutions are organized.  Other people are happy just to be left alone.  They would work to limit the amount of power that can fall into the hands of one person or one party.  They would prefer state power.

There are people who like central government. From the beginning of government under the Constitution of 1789, the people who made their living by manipulating stocks and bonds and certificates and national debt, wanted a strong central government so that they could manipulate these forms of imaginary wealth from one power base and not have to do their manipulating from 13 (then) or 50 (now) separate power bases. There are also groups of people known as progressives, liberals, and neo-conservatives. These groups want to enforce their ideas of morality and social order upon everyone, and they think they can better do that if more power is in the national government and they control that power. They know that it would be harder for them to control 50 different state governments with power over these issues, so they want the power over these issues to be in the central government where they hope to have easier influence.

Also, within each state, there are interest groups that find that they will be better off if they can control certain of the state's issues and policies and institutions and resources, than if these are controlled from Washington. And there are national interest groups that would be better off if they could control some of these issues, etc., in all states, from Washington.

If governmental power is dispersed and diffused amongst 50 state governments, it is practically impossible for one man or one party to capture all of that power and use it to rule all of the rest of us tyranically. If governmental power is concentrated in one national government, men and parties will strive very hard to capture that power for themselves, and we will thereby, someday, sooner or later find ourselves without much freedom.

Second, quality of government: If 50 different governments have laws regulating use of mood altering drugs, the laws of some states will be better than others. As these better laws are recognized, more states will adopt them so that better drug laws gradually come into being throughout the country. If only the national government is allowed to have laws regulating use of mood altering drugs, the whole nation is stuck with what ever those laws are, be they good or be they bad and most likely they will be bad.

What is the purpose of having Big Brother and Goldstein not appear in the novel, but showing such an influence on the people?

Big Brother and Goldstein serve as symbols in 1984: Big Brother represents absolute power, and Goldstein serves as a scapegoat. Both are fundamental to dictatorships. In having Big Brother appear only in the posters hung throughout Oceania, Orwell creates an awesome, awful presence in society--that of the omnipotent and allegedly benevolent dictator. Big Brother is the government that intrudes upon and controls every aspect of the individual's existence. So that the people have an outlet for their negative emotions and are therefore more easily controlled, the government gives them Goldstein as a target for their hatred. These two non-people exemplify concepts essential to dictatorships: that the people must feel safe, even though the government denies them their fundamental freedoms, and that the people must be inclined to blame someone other than the government for their problems.

What are the 3 main symbols in The Phantom of the Opera?

The phantom symbolizes the contrast between what is real and what isn't. Wearing his mask, he's a man with whom Christine can sympathize. Without his mask, he is so horrible that Christine can no longer look upon him. this can be extended to the mask that we all wear in dealing with others.

The phantom also symbolizes illusion. No one knows if he really exists or not. The phantom's elusive character again represents the appearances that people put on, so others won't know the true reality of their lives.

The opera house represents the dark side of life, the evil that exists in life. If you look at how it's described, it helps the author to create the elements of horror.

Erik's face represents death. As a young man, he billed himself as the living dead man.

These are but a few of the symbols, but if you go to the website below, you can find further details.

Can you give me a few examples of themes for this short story?

One theme in the story is overcoming oppression.  Since the Civil War, even with the abolishment of slavery, there was still oppression for the black man and he couldn't own property or sell his crops to make money to rise above the poverty level.  Dave had to give his money to his mother to help support the family so he had no ownership of what he worked for.  Plus, working on a white man's farm also kept them under the thumb of pre-slavery times.  Dave felt that buying a gun would give him his freedom and let him live in a better world.  Hecould use his money to buy the gun, he would earn the respect of everyone including his employer and landlord Mr. Hawkins.  Unfortunately he was worse off than when he started.

What are some characteristics of Odysseus?

In order to understand Odysseus' characteristics, it is important to understand that he is an Epic Hero; as such, he displays characteristics that are both heroic as well as human. For example, he displays the characteristics of a classic Epic Hero when he is challenged with the task of returning home to Ithaca and successfully overcomes the odds. For example, he outwits Polyphemus the Cyclops; he battles Charybdis and Scylla; finally, he disguises himself as a beggar and wins his family back from the intruders in his own home. On the other hand, he displays human characteristics as well: he is overly curious, which gets him into trouble with the cyclops, Lotus Eaters, etc. He is a man, and has a difficult time resisting the temptations of the beautiful Circe and Calypso. So, his characteristics fit into two categories: epic hero and human.

What is the meaning of this quote:“Jane Austen was certainly a more serious and interesting moralist. Her attitude to morality was not...

This is a subjective question. I think the person speaking is saying that she was not rigid or dogmatic in her moralistic beliefs, but was "less relaxed" because she was growing as a person, and as such, over time, she would come into her own morality as opposed to that which she might have been raised with.

All humans are like this pretty much; I don' like that my mom yelled a lot and so am determined that I will not be a yelling person. some might assume mom yelled out of anger or frustration and perhaps I have determined that this is a bad quality and therefore choose not to yell at my children.

My mom however, may have been part of a household that never spoke, and so she decided she would communicate w/ her family however loud that might be.So, to her, the issue would presume that her mom didn't care about her because she didn't talk to her.

Take a position on Ike McCaslin. Is it wrong to describe both of his good and bad qualities?

Faulkner's entire body of work hinges on Ike. Ike is the fulcrum around which tragedy becomes comedy.

Ike is the epic hero in the epic that is Faulkner's body of work, and as with all epic heros Ike is flawed. 

When Ike goes into the woods to find the bear he is making the hero's descent into the underworld. Just like Achilles, just like Odysseus. And, like the other heros before him, he leaves his earthly possesions behind.

One cannot meet the gods in this, time and place. The metaphysical is where the gods live and there is no time and place.  And the bear is a god.  He is one of the old gods.

When Ike comes out of the woods, he is changed. Faulkner is changed, Yoknapatawpha is changed.

The liminal experience Ike has when meeting the bear is the threshold between tragedy and comedy in Faulkner's body of work. 

What is "circumstantial evidence"? What has it got to do with Toms conviction?this is in chapter 23

Actually, circumstantial evidence can be both something you see or hear as well as something you can touch.  For example, if the defendant in a case owns a gun and that gun was used to kill someone, then it is circumstantial evidence.  It infers that the defendant killed the victim but doesn't prove it.

If someone sees the defendant shoot the victim, that is direct evidence.

Usually circumstantial evidence is grouped together to be stronger as one or two pieces of it are usually not sufficient to convict someone.

In Tom's case, all of the evidence is circumstantial but it isn't enough to actually convict him.  It is the prejudice of the community and the desire to convict him rather than to find the truth that allows the use of that circumstantial evidence to form the basis of his conviction.

In The White Heron, why does Sylvia not speak or cannot speak?

In the last line of the second to last paragraph in the story, the author writes,

"Sylvia cannot speak; she cannot tell the heron's secret and give its life away."

Sylvia's only friend, the pleasant young hunter who has come to her house in hopes of finding and shooting the great heron that inhabits the area, is going to leave, and has asked Sylvia to tell him where the heron can be found. Sylvia knows, but after much agonizing, finds that the loyalty she feels for the heron, as it represents the natural world, is greater than her longing for human contact. Sylvia cannot speak because to do so will be a betrayal of the heron and all she holds dear.

Sylvia had never been one to talk very much. Shy and retiring by nature, she is "a little maid who had tried to grow for eight years in a crowded manufacturing town," but she did not blossom until she came to live at her grandmother's farm. Having been overlooked in a "houseful of children," Sylvia is "afraid of folks," and has memories of a "great red-faced boy who used to chase and frighten her." On her grandmother's farm, she has no companions, and becomes very close to the animals and the land in compensation.

When the young hunter comes to her grandmother's house, Sylvia is at first intimidated, but then is drawn to him. There is within her a longing for human interaction which has never been fulfilled, and thus when she is faced with the choice between making her new friend happy or saving her beloved heron's life, the dilemma is agonizing. Looking deep within herself, Sylvia recognizes that, in the final analysis, her loyalty to the bird is greater than her love for the man, and so when she has one final chance to give the hunter what he wants, she remains silent, unable to speak the words that will mean death for her beloved heron and the world it represents.

Medea confronts the reader with a violent event. How does this violence contribute to the overall meaning of the work Medea?

Before we consider Medea's choice to use violence as a solution to her situation, we need to take a very quick look at another Greek play, Oedipus Rex.  In Oedipus Rex, the playwright Sophocles gives us a flawed but noble hero who ultimately chooses to punish himself rather than others.  Oedipus represents the kind of character Aristotle referred to as the kind of hero who accepts responsibility for his actions, thus showing us a "better" way, that we can be better than we think.  Oedipus reveals his heroic side.  This is what heroes do, accept responsibility for their actions but not Medea.  Medea has been wronged no doubt because Jason has discarded her for a younger woman.  Medea's response, however, is to murder her sons, strangely, both in order to punish Jason and to protect them from Jason and his new queen.  She feels powerless so she chooses a violent way out.  She shows us the consequences of Jason's treachery but in ways that hardly seem defensible.  In the end, her violent response seems to suggest that life is rarely just.  It is a troubling and in some ways unsatisfying ending to be sure.  In fact, she escapes and is not punished for her actions--except in the loss of her sons, which is ironic indeed.  Unlike Oedipus, however, she is perhaps more complex and more human, foreshadowing or paving the way for the complex heroes we will find some in the plays of William Shakespeare.

In Act I, scene ii of Blood Wedding, Mother-in-law and Wife are chanting a poem. What significance does this great horse who would not drink the...

Wife
Sleep, my blossom,
The horse will not drink.

Mother-in-law
Sleep, little rose,
The horse is weeping,
Its hooves are hurt,
Its mane is frozen (Act I, scene ii)

This is a very convoluted nursery rhyme (a sample above) being sung by the Wife and Mother-in-law. There are two viable directions to take in interpreting it. On one hand, since the families of the region engage in blood feuds and the bridegroom's father and brother are killed by a family they are feuding with, the nursery rhyme may be about the prevalence of feuds and fighting with the purpose of trying to foster a belief against dipping into the river of blood feuds. In this interpretation, the great horse that "will not drink" symbolizes the family and, simultaneously, each individual male of the family who, it is hoped, will stay out of the river of feuds.

On the other hand, since the central plot point is that the Wife's husband, Leonardo, is desperately in love with the Bride, it makes a good deal of sense that the horse symbolizes married men in the family, in this case, particularly Leonardo, while the river represents the possibility of taking what is not theirs, particularly, in this case, the Bride. If this is the correct interpretation, the resisting, weeping horse who "will not drink" fails, drinks (runs off with the Bridegroom's Bride), and will drink from his own river when he is overtaken by the Bridegroom.

Do you think luck was more important than faith in surviving the Holocaust? Do you think luck was more important than faith in surviving the...

I don't see how it is in any way possible to
establish one or the other, or any parameters of the question. Faith in
what?  If in "God" of any sort, there is no empirical way of proving or disproving that
such a being exists; there is no possible experimental model.  If in human nature, well,
you can have faith that human nature is complex, that some people are sometimes more
"good" than "bad" and sometimes the opposite, but history bears out little else.  "Luck"
is also a concept whose existence is impossible to establish in any
way.

Any specific example given of a person or persons
surviving or failing to survive would be subject to interpretation of faith, luck, or
just coincidence or "that's the way it went."  Frankly, this is a question that has no
real meaning.  The only impact of these concepts would be in the mind of an individual,
one might believe oneself the recipient of faith or luck, but there
could be no empirical proof of either one.

Whats a cyclone or tropical cyclone?

A cyclone is an area of low atmospheric pressure characterized by rotating winds and ascending air. For the most part, weather systems are classified according to wind speed.

A tropical disturbance is an organized system that originates in the tropics or subtropics that holds together for at least 24 hours. A tropical depression is a tropical cyclone that has a maximum sustained wind speed of 38 mph. A tropical storm is a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 73 mph. A hurricane is a tropical cyclone with maximum winds of at least 74 mph. A commonality of all these storms is that they are organized and produce "organized convection", for example, a thunderstorm.

Storms in different parts of the world may be the same type of disturbance, they are just referred to by different names. Almost all cyclones originate in the tropics.

How would Mathilde Loisel break the news to her husband about the necklace being fake?

A fascinating question. On a simple, factual level, of course, we don't know. We have to extrapolate, and to take an educated guess about how much she has grown through the story.

I would say that her first response would be like the narrative voice's reflection: she'd reflect on how different things would have been. I'd even say she would break down in tears over having lost so much. Then, I'd say she would grow quiet and realize how much she had learned (I hope).

Would you expect the shocks from static electricity to be more severe in summer or winter?Because of a higher moisture content, air is a better...

The shocks are more severe in the winter. As soon as our
furnaces go on, the humidity inside goes way down. We have several hygrometers in our
house, and without use of humidifiers, the humidity in the house in winter drops to 20%
or below. 50% is comfortable. Anyway, a static electricity shock happens due to the
sudden discharge of electrons from one surface (you), to another surface that conducts
well (a metal doorknob--or maybe your cat!) As you say, higher moisture content of air
equals better conductor of charge, so the electrons are more likely to dissipate in the
air gradually when the air is humid--they don't build up to give you that
shock.

Who is a good character foil to Hamlet that employs a developed theme?

Certainly Fortinbras acts as a foil to Hamlet with respect
to the theme of action and revenge.  For, his situation closely resembles Hamlet's:  his
father has been killed, and his uncle now reigns Norway.  A man of action, he wishes to
regain the land lost in Norway during the period of uncertainly after King Hamlet's
death. However, he is forced to cease hostilities when King Claudius begins negotiations
with the uncle of Fortinbras. Nevertheless, Fortinbras remains a man of action as in Act
IV as Fortinbras prepares to enter into battle, "a promised march over his [Hamlet's]
kingdom," Hamlet observes,

readability="52">

a delicate and tender
prince

Whose spirit, with divine ambition
puffed,

Makes mouths at the invisible
event,

Exposing what is mortal and
unsure

To all that fortune, death, and danger
dare,

Even for an eggshell.  Rightly to be
great

Is not to stir wihout great
argument,

But greatly to find quarrel in a
straw

When honor's at the stake.  How stand I
then,

That have a father killed, a mother
stained,

Excitements of my reason and my
blood,

And let all sleep, while to my shame I
see

The imminent death of twenty thousand
men

That for a fantasy and trick of
fame

Go to their graves like
beds....

O, from this time forth, my thoughts be bloody, or
be nothing worth!
(IV,iv,50-68)

Moved by
Fortinbras who risks his life for honor, the Prince of Denmark perceives himself in
contrast, and assumes the role meant for one of noble nature, acting at last to avenge
his father and rid Denmark of its corrupt court.

In Book the First, discuss the role of Lucie's affections in helping her father remember his past, and how her action defines Lucie as a...

In Chapter 6 of Book the First in A Tale of Two
Cities by Charles Dickens, Lucie Manette  has traveled with Mr. Lorry to
France where her father, Dr. Manette, has recently been released from the Bastille. 
However, much psychological damage has occurred with the doctor.  For, he does not
really know where he is at the DeFarge's, nor does he remember having been a physician;
he believes that he is a shoemaker whose name is "One Hundred and Five, North Tower." 
When he is spoken to, Manette must be recalled from "the vacancy into which he always
sank." 

After DeFarge, the former servant of Dr. Manette
asks the former prisoner if he recognizes him to no avail, Lucie moves forward.  Dr.
Manette raises his head, and sees her "with a fearful look." With some trepidation, he
asks, "What is this!"  He wonders if Lucie is the gaoler's daughter.  Then, when she
replies that she is not, he asks, "Who are you?"

Lucie sits
beside him; he moves away, but she lays her hand upon his arm.  As her golden hair falls
over her neck, Manette slowly picks it up and looks at it.  But, his mind goes "astray,
and with another deep sigh, fell to work at his shoemaking."  However, Lucie puts her
hand upon his arm and he stares at it.  Finally, he pulls a scrap of folded rag attached
to a string which contains one or two golden hairs, and winds them around his finger. 
"How can it be!  When was it!  How was it!"

Manette finally
makes a connection with the golden hair that is his wife's and now that is Lucie's. 
Lucie holds her dear father's head upon her breast, rocking him and soothing him; her
love instills Manette with the power to recall his daughter. Thus, Lucie is defined as a
character who has a compassion for the unfortunate as she will treat Sydney Carton in a
similar fashion.  She is portrayed as inspiring love from the other characters, although
the reader does not perceive any real character development and must take this
inspiration on faith.  For the most part, Lucie Manette is a flat character, the typical
Victorian heroine with her fainting fits and unrelenting
earnestness. 

In "The Cask of Amontillado" why does Montressor keep giving Fortunato chances to leave? He wants to kill Fortunato, doesn't he?

Montresor may be using reverse psychology in urging Fortunato to turn back, but he has another reason for doing so. Reverse psychology, so-called, plays upon the natural human tendency to do the opposite of what is recommended. This is especially observable in people who are heavily intoxicated. If told that they have had enough to drink, they will order another one. If told they should let somebody drive them home, they will insist on driving their car home by themselves. Reverse psychology may be hard to understand, but it is certainly easy to observe because it is so common.

However, Montresor is much more concerned about something other than using reverse psychology to lure Fortunato to his death. Montresor is leading the drunken man deep underground into a dark, dank, poisonous atmosphere. He doesn't want Fortunato to become suspicious or alarmed. By constantly telling his victim that they ought to turn back, Montresor is demonstrating that he has no evil intentions. He makes it seem as if he really doesn't want to take Fortunato to the place where he has stored the Amontillado. If he had any sinister motives, why would he keep urging Fortunato to go back upstairs? Montresor has been playing the naive innocent all along. He keeps up the pretence of pure innocence until the last moment.

What is historical novel? characteristics of historical fiction?

With its characters often being fictional, a historical
novel,with its narrative set against a background of real conflicts and issues in time,
often elicits interest from a reader who would normally not pay much attention to the
mere recordings of historical fact that form the background for the narratives.  Thus,
as a secondary benefit, the reader of a historical novel learns much about a historical
era.

So, historical novels are novels that both entertain
and instruct.  For instance, a classic novel such as A Tale of Two
Cities by Charles Dickens gives a reader a history of the cruelty
and bloodshed of not only the French Revolution, but also the age of highwaymen and
grave robbers in England.  The Irving Stone novel, The Origin,
provides a delightful narrative about Charles Darwin the man, along with his influence
upon science.

Solve X for Sinx= Cos5x

To solve this equation, first we have to recall the fact that sine and cosine are complementary functions, so that:

cos x = sin (pi/2 - x) and sin x = cos (pi/2 - x) 

We'll substitute sin x by  cos (pi/2 - x), so that:

cos (pi/2 - x) = cos5x

cos (pi/2 - x) - cos5x = 0

We'll transform the difference into a product:

2 sin [(pi/2 - x + x)/2]sin[(pi/2 - x - x)/2] = 0

2sin (pi/4)sin(pi/4 - x) = 0

We'll divide by 2sin (pi/4) and we'll get:

sin(pi/4 - x) = 0

This is an elementary equation:

pi/4 - x = (-1)^k*arcsin0 + k*pi

-x = -pi/4 + k*pi

We'll multiply by -1:

x = pi/4 - k*pi

What was the author's purpose in writing the novel "The Age of Innocence"?

This book by Edith Wharton was published in 1920, a time of change.  World War I had devasted most of Europe and left a generation of people, young and old, feeling cynical and bitter about life, society, and government.  There had been too many horrors to bear.  Society began to change, as many of the old Victorian traditions of behavior were challenged - but as is always the case, change is threatening and society tried to cling to the old ways.

Wharton's book is satirical in many ways.  It shows New York City society at the time and the restrictions of behavior that an individual faced, particularly an female individual.  It criticized the attempts of society to lock people in gender and social roles, not allowing individuals to get ahead if they did anything to tamper their all-important reputation.  It also worked to caution against too much change, to show that a drastic upheaval of tradition would cause many to feel lost and aimless.  Overall, the purpose was to point out the conflict between an individual and the rules of the society that individual lived in.

In Charles Dicken's A Tale of Two Cities, how do Charles Darnay and Madame Defarge both put duty before desire in crisis situations?Please give a...

With regard to Mme. Defarge, the word duty does not seem appropriate.  For, hers is no patriotic or altuistic cause for which she devotes herself.  Instead, it seems more a personal devotion to her personal idee fixe.

Madame Defarge's devotion is her all-consuming dedication to revenge.  She is of this single, fatal idea; her entire life is devoted to the death of as many of the French aristocrats as can.  She watches as a cat watches its prey, knitting into her work the names of those to be executed.  Above all, the entire Evremonde [which is derived from every in English and monde, meaning the world in French] family is etched into her being as sentenced to death.  For, in her venomous revenge she is not satisfied that Charles Darnay die; his entire family must be eradicated.  When her husband suggests that she goes too far with her revenge, Madame Defarge responds,  "Tell the wind and fire where to stop; not me."

Dissolute and phlegmatically going through life, Sydney Carton finds his raison d'etre in his love for Lucie.  After he perceives his flaws, set in sharp contrast to his foil, Charles Darnay, Carton is moved to devote his life to Lucie in order to give meaning to his existence. His love and devotion regarding Lucie prompts him to promise that he will do anything to protect her.  When the occasion arrives for him to make good on his promise, Carton does not waiver in his duty:  He switches places with the condemned Darnay. Nonetheless Carton also performs a duty to himself in mounting the stairs to the guillotine:  "It is a far, far better thing than I have ever done before...."  For,by redeeming himself through his self-sacrifice Sydney Carton can imagine that his name will have respect attached to it ,

I see that child who lay upon her bosom and who bore my name, a man, winning his way up in that path of life which once was mine.  I see him winning it so well, that my name is made illustrious there by the light of his.

I need a full analysis and themes for the play Not I by Samuel Beckett.please I need the answer soon.

Beckett's Not I is a radical play in terms of its
stage-image, a spot-light on just a mouth blabbering its way with the rest of the stage
in dark. It is a monologue of this female mouth--an act of compulsive confession, a
trial of sorts where language is used in terms of excrement. It marks Beckett's absolute
precision and a move towards the later works, which are now known as the 'dramaticules'
after Come and Go.

The
Themes:--

1. Self-alienation, physical reduction is
something that informs the minimalist form of the play as well as its protagonist. As
the title implies, there is an impossible gulf between the speaking subject and the real
self. This fracture can be seen as an evocation of the Freudian unconscious as
characterized by Lacan as something like a language. according to Lacan, the Unconscious
is also a discourse of the other. Not I points towards that kind of alterity. The schism
may also be seen as a post-structuralist problematic of the decentring of the speaking
subject through speech.

2. Feminism, especially the French
variety has been used a lot in interpreting this play. Beckett continuously highlights
the gender of the subject with the repetition of the word 'she' with exclamation. From
this theoretical perspective, the play can be seen as a critique of the phallogocentric
order of language where the female subject is always alienated as an other and thus the
desire to reclaim that gendered feminine self.

3. Not I is
a play about torture--the lethal problematic of darkness and a speck of light in it. As
Beckett always opined, it is the remainder of light in the dark which makes reality so
chaotic.

4. At a visual level, the play is a painting of
fear. The movement of the lips dominates the thematic content of the words. There is a
desire to stop this torrent of speech but it remains uncontrollable. The moving lips can
be seen as a symbol of female genitalia.

5. The play has
memory of definite scenes in the random speech of the mouth. Whether it is the lavatory
scene or the courtroom scene of trial or the surrealistic scene of the drying teardrops
on the surface of the palms on the vast corn-field--there is the working of the uncanny
mutability of the self.

Identify the speaker, plot and significance of the following quotes, from "The Rocking-Horse Winner" and "The Gift of the Magi". 1. The heard it...

1.  This quote is referring to the voices in the house that whisper "there must be more money," and symbolizes the parents' constant desire to have more wealth.  The speaker is the narrator of the story (a third-person omniscient narrator).

2.  This is referring to when Paul is feverishly riding on his horse.  He is so fixated and determined, and even a bit frightening, so his sisters don't like to talk to him while he is riding.  The speaker, again, is the narrator.

5.  This is referring to when Della has gotten the idea to sell her hair, in order to get money to buy a watch chain for her husband Jim for Christmas.  The speaker is the narrator, a third-person narrator again.  She is excited to do something for Jim, because she loves him very much.

I haven't read "The Most Dangerous Game," so I can't help you with those quotes.  Good luck.

Could someone please give me a short character analysis for the characters in The Comedy of Errors?

There is some information about the characters in Shakespeare's The Comedy of Errors at the link listed below.  However, I can provide some more in-depth information about a few of the characters.  This is one of Shakespeare's shorter comedies and it relies on flat, stereotypical characters to provide the comedy.

Antipholus of Syracuse: Antipholus of Syracuse spends a good deal of this play confused, though he is the twin that sets out to find find his brother.  He gladly takes advantage of Adriana's and Angelo's mistakes, though his is in love with Luciana and professes this love in beautiful poetry.  He seems to treat Dromio of Syracuse with more kindness and humor, at times, than Antipholus of Ephesus uses with Dromio of Ephesus.

Antipholus of Ephesus:  A smaller role than Antipholus of Syracuse, Antipholus of Ephesus is first seen in the company of Balthazar and Angelo, drinking and inviting the men to dinner.  Antipholus of Ephesus then gets into a fiery rage when Dromio of Syracuse and Adriana will not let him in to his own house.  Rather than go to the police, he dines at a restaurant with a courtesan.  He is a hot-headed man who reacts from emotion rather than logic (example: the scene where he is confronted by Pinch and Act Five when he comes before the Duke.)  Antipholus of Ephesus is more likely to be physically abusive to Dromio than Antipholus of Syracuse is.

Dromio of Syracuse and Ephesus:  Both Dromios rely on their naivety and physical comedy to get themselves in and out of scrapes.  They serve their masters faithfully, though are physically beaten and berated for it.  They both serve as foils for Antipholus--they embody the low humor that the Antipholuses don't.

Adriana: Adriana is Antipholus of Ephesus's wife and shares his fiery personality.  She is headstrong and when she wants something, she wants it.  When Antipholus is not home for dinner, Adriana is worked up and when she finds him (in the form of Antipholus of Syracuse) she is persuasive in her desire to get him to come home to dinner.  She also cares a lot about her husband, as when she feels he is "out of sorts" she brings a "healer" (Pinch) to help him.

Luciana:  Similar to the Dromios, Luciana, Adriana's sister, serves as a foil to Adriana.  While Adriana is worried about her husband and his absence, Luciana is there to offer the alternate, unmarried point of view.  Luciana is more innocent, having never been married.  She is faithful to her sister, as she resists Antipholus of Syracuse's advances, thinking he is her sister's husband, even though she wants nothing more than to be in love and married.

What membrane in a diarthrotic joint provides lubrication for movement?ball and socket, hinge, pivot, saddle are types

A diarthrotic joint is also known as a synovial joint.  These joints are freely movable, and include hip and shoulder joints (ball and socket), ankle and elbow joints (hinge), and the thumb (saddle).  A synovial joint cavity is lined with vascular synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.

How does gender affect the plot and character development in the short story?

Ideologies of gender are usually mitigated by class, and we see this in “A Rose for Emily.” A woman of the aristocratic class of the traditional south, Emily is treated by deference by the townspeople.  She is able to manipulate them to avoid her taxes, they give her the poison when knowing she is up to no good, and when the smell around her house becomes obvious, they do not feel comfortable confrontingher because they “cannot accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad.”  “Ladies” of the old south were to  be treated respectfully and were put on a pedestal:  they were “a tradition, a duty, and a care.” The flip side of the ideology of the lady was the patriarchal father who controls her, and we see this in the tableau of Emily and her father, her behind him, and he with his boots on and whip in his hands.  He prevented her from marrying (thus controlling her life), and so she was left lonely after he died and they lost their money.  As a “lady," Emily certainly couldn’t work for a living! She turns to Homer, which is a scandal because he is a working-class man, and the town pities her for this and also ridicules her. When he, this man of “little account,” appears ready to abandon her as well, she uses her power by killing him to keep him with her. The title kindly takes away the “miss” from her name in order to free her from the burdens of her class and gives her a rose, a symbol of love and romance.

What quotes from Into the Wild show how Chris was disillusioned with society?

One good quote comes from the letter that Chris sent to
Ron Franz, encouraging the older man to experience new
things:

So
many people live within unhappy circumstances and yet will not take the initiative to
change their situation because they are conditioned to a life of...
conformity...

This quote
shows how Chris viewed the "safe" life that society expected from him and from others.
Chris wanted to challenge himself and his ideas, to pit himself against the world
regardless of what other people thought, and especially to avoid what he saw as the
endless trap of routine. By becoming a nomad, Chris forced himself to adapt to new
situations almost daily, and so escaped the daily grind that he saw as detrimental to
personal growth.

Another good quote comes from a letter
Chris wrote to his sister, explaining some of his passionate irritation with his
parents:

Since
they won't ever take me seriously... I'm going to completely knock them out of my life.
I'm going to divorce them as my parents once and for all...
(Krakauer,
Into the Wild,
Amazon.com)

This quote is
less about Chris philosophies and more about his dissatisfaction with the role that his
parents expected him to play. Chris fought against the ordinary lifestyle that his
parents enjoyed all his life, and with this letter, he explains that part of his intent
was to "punish" them for their constant nagging. By vanishing, Chris sent a message to
his parents that he was never going to play their intended role, but he also sent the
message that his path through life was not already written, that he was going to forge
his own path whatever the cost.

What are the 6 phases of tragedy?Which one poem and one short story would fit each phases? (Plase give 12 examples; 6 poem and 6 short stories)

I will give you the 6 phases - but you should read them over and decide out of what you have read in this class which works fit best.  Oedipus is a character who fits this sequence almost perfectly.

6 Phases:

1. Main character opens in dignity.


2. Main character lacks proper experience to make correct decisions - due to age or narrow vision.


3. The main character sets off on a journey where something great is possible.


4. The main character falls - often due to pride (hubris).


5. The main character weakens as irony increases.


6. The tragedy ends in shock, horror, pity.

What manipulation causes the animals to give Napoleon the credit for all of the good things accomplished on the farm?

The animals simply refer to Napoleon's leadership as the reason for good things happening.  The lines from the text are as follows:

"It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stoke of good fortune.  You would often hear one hen remark to another, "Under the guidance of our Leader, Comrade Napoleon, I have laid five eggs in six days"; or two cows, enjoying a drink at the pool, would exclaim, "Thanks to the leadership of Comrade Napoleon, how excellent this water tastes!""

 Then, of course, Squealer has painted Napoleon's portrait on the wall across from the commandments in the barn next to the words of a poem composed by Minimus called Comrade Napoleon.

Another more minor example would be the animals' new tendancy to make up new titles for Napoleon like Father of All Animals, Terror of Mankind, Protector of the Sheep-fold, Decklings' Friend, etc.  It's tough to not believe the greatness of one individual when he's presented in that much glory.

What is money laundering?How can we reduce it?

I'll concentrate more on what can be done and what is being done to reduce money laundering, since the other responses have defined it well.

To use the example of drug lords/traffickers, they have a very unique problem: they run a cash business only.  No one buys drugs with credit cards, right?  So they generate literally billions of dollars in physical cash per year, and it's very difficult to make those earnings look legitimate.  So to combat both the trafficking and the money laundering, we have created FBI and DEA task forces to concentrate on finding and seizing their cash and shutting down their money laundering operations.

The front businesses mentioned above are very common, but they also can only launder so much money per year.  If for example I purchase a coffee company in the US, and sell them my own "coffee" from a farm I own in Guatemala for $600 a pound, I then pay myself between my two companies with a check from a legitimate business and now I can deposit it in a bank and I've laundered it.  With the information age, we can monitor more of these suspicious transactions that move a lot of money in this manner.  By forcing them to use smaller transactions, we can make it less attractive for them to launder cash that way.

Another great story we have tried to repeat several times was called Operation Green Ice.  It took place in the 1990s in the Caribbean on the Bahamas.  The FBI simply opened its own bank.  They made it look legit, put an attractive woman as its CEO and put the word out on the street that they were open for money laundering.  Drug lords were tripping over themselves to launder money at the FBI bank.  After a month of this, the FBI just boxed up all their cash, closed their doors and flew home.  They were out the money!  Then they used that cash to hire more agents to fight money laundering.  Pure genius.

What does the cafe setting of Sure Thing suggest about the characters? David Ives originally planned to set Sure Thing at a bus stop.

There are a variety of different things a reader or audience member can infer about the characters based on whether they meet at a bus stop or at a cafe.

Cafes attract a certain type of customer, stereotypically.  When one thinks of a coffee shop, one usually pictures younger people, college students, professors, poets in berets, drinking coffee and having poetry readings.  It an environment for people reading books, having intellectual conversations, and working on laptops.  It's a place where people go to meet other people for a quick date or meeting.

Conversely, a bus stop serves a more utilitarian purpose.  People often are at bus stops together against their will, and it attracts a more random section of the populations.  Also, people spend less time at a bus stop--usually less than 15 minutes, depending on the bus schedule.  That gives people less time to talk and interact.

People who have chosen to be at a cafe would tend to be more relaxed and have a purpose for being there rather than people at a bus stop who are forced to be there for a shorter period of time.

How are fiscal and monetary policy related?

Fiscal policies and monetary policies are two ways in which government try to regulate the the economic performance in terms of variables such as growth, prices, investment and employment. Fiscal policy of government deals with governments taxing and spending programs while monetary policy deals with money supply including cash and bank deposits.

Economists believe that increased savings slow the rate of economic growth. In turn level of saving and spending depend on peoples expectations about the economy.  When they expect bad times ahead, they may decide to save their money.  Similarly, when businesses do not foresee future sales, they will hold back investment in new products or equipment. A government can influence these decision of public by appropriate fiscal and monetary policies.

For example, tax cuts give people more money to spend.  Also a government can regulate its own spending in such activities as public works and aid to the poor.  In addition lower interest rates encourage people and businesses to borrow money, which they will either spend or invest.

Monetary policies can be used to regulate the money supply in the economy, by changing the rate of interest that central banks charge and by changing other banking requirements such as reserve requirements. Governments can also issue bonds to reduce money supply. Thus it can follow a tight money policy to reduce the money supply, or a an easy money policy to increase money supply.

What are the causes of the decline of Jacobean Drama?

The decline of Jacobean drama was the result of the victory of the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War.  The Round heads beheaded Charles I and his son, Charles II, was exiled.

The Commonwealth, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, can be compared to the rule of the Taliban since both groups are religious purists.  Not only were the theatres closed (1642) but anything that was not based in religion was not tolerated.  It goes without saying that the brothels and ale houses were closed.  They imposed their strict morality on the entire population.  Although the dates of the Proterctorate are 1649-1660, the war began in 1642 with the Battle of Edgehill.  From that point on Parliment controlled by Oliver Cromwell was in control.

With the Restoration, theatres reopened and women were allowed to act upon the stage.  It is also said wine flowed in the streets of London upon the return of Charles II.

What are the functions of the chorion and plancenta?

The chorion is the outer membrane that encloses the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is one of four fetal membranes which includes the allantois, amnion, chorion, and yolk sac. The function of the chorion is to contribute to the development of the placenta in placental mammals.

The main function of the placenta is to move oxygenated blood into the bloodstream of the developing baby and in turn, move carbon dioxide out. It also ensures that nutrients are received, and wastes are taken away. It also plays a very important role in hCG production and protects the baby from infection.

How do I make this a stronger thesis statement? It's in regards to the movie "SUPER SIZE ME", the image of child like clowns. In this...

This documentary was made for the purpose of illustrating
how the fast food industry has no regard for nutrition and illustrates how it encourages
poor nutrition for profit only.

So, some possible
suggestions that are stronger:

1. The fast food
   industry encourages poor nutrition by serving calorie-laden
   food.


2. Fast food franchises' products are non-nutritious
   and addictive.


3. People can become obese by eating too much
   fast food.

As you know, Mr. Spurlock actually
DID become obese and his cholesterol shot up sky high after eating at a certain fast
food chain. And, he only super-sized his meal when it was offered to him by an employee.
It took him over a year to lose the weight he gained and get back to
normal.

I think you need to revise you thesis because if
you are writing about this documentary, the fast food industry was NOT presented as
"something nice". Good luck!

Why does Aunt Alexandra want Atticus to let Calpurnia go?

When Atticus' sister, Alexandra, decides to come and stay
with the family for the duration of the Tom Robinson trial, she decides that Calpurnia
is no longer necessary. Alexandra plans to become the female presence in the home; she
is a good cook, and she believes she knows what's best for the children (especially
Scout, who she feels needs to learn about becoming a "lady"), so she feels Calpurnia is
no longer necessary. However, Atticus sets his sister
straight.

readability="7">

"Calpurnia's not leaving this house until she
wants to... She's a faithful member of this family, and you'll simply have to accept
things the way they are."

In the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, What does the De Lacey family do during their encounter with the creature?

This episode in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is an example of how much visual perception is part of a person's reality.  For, prior to his entering the cottage of the DeLaceys, the creature has long been the observer of the family.  And, as he ponders the rejection of his creator, Victor Frankenstein, the creature considers,

'God, in pity, made man beautiful and alluring, after his own image; but my form is a filthy type of yours [Victor's], more horrid even from the very resemblance.  Stan had his companions, fellow-devils, to admire and encourage him; but I am solitary and abhorred.'

Nevertheless, in the naivete of the creature, he hopes--

'These were the reflections of my hours of despondency and solitude; but when I contemplated the virtues of the cottager, their amiable and benevolent dispositions, I persuaded myself that when they should become acquainted with my admiration of their virtues, they would compassionate me, and overlook my personal deformity.  Could they turn from their door one, however monstrous, who solicited their compassion and friendship?  I resolved...to fit myself for an interview with them.'

Of course, the results of his attempts are disastrous once the sighted members of the family enter.  For, it is only the blinded father who accepts him without prejudiced perception.  This cruelty and ignorance of human judgment from visual perception marks a change in the character of the creature, who, henceforth, says that he becomes "like a wild beast that had broken the toils....'

Clearly, this scene exemplifies the "monstrous" nature of not the creature, but of man, for whom, as a character in a novel of Dean Koontz declares, "Perception is reality."

In "My Last Duchess" it is obvious the Duke had the Duchess murdered. Is the Duke trying to justify the murder or was he boasting about it?

You're right; it is pretty clear the Duke murdered his former wife, the Duchess.  He might be trying to justify it and he's certainly not ashamed to admit the deed, so he's possibly boasting about it.  I'd like to present a third option--he's warning his NEXT Duchess about what is expected of her.  Both the audience to whom the Duke is speaking and the sights they visit are significant in this poem. Here's the evidence:

The Duke is escorting an emissary from his future wife's father (he says to him, "the Count, your master") and giving him the grand tour, apparently to make the final marriage arrangements on behalf of the Count.  Funny how he stops only two places. One is the portrait of the former Duchess and one is his impressive statue created by a famous artisan, of Neptune, a god, taming a sea horse. 

First the painting.  He says to the unnamed emissary, "That's my last Duchess."  Read it this way:  That's my LAST Duchess--you know, the one who didn't put me above others, who valued a cherry tree branch as much as me, who refused to show me proper deference and eventually the one whose "smiles stopped altogether."  It's a clear warning--my NEXT Duchess, he implies, might want to pay attention to the things which displease me, and I expect the message to be relayed by you, Mr. Ambassador, in the appropriate manner.

The final stop on their tour is a pause before the Innsbruck statue.  The picture here is the same--I am master/god of my domain and those around me must be tamed. 

He's neither embarrassed nor is he apologetic regarding the demise of the former innocent (and apparently lovely, both inside and out) Duchess.  Her only fault, at least from the Duke's description, is that she failed to show the proper deference to his name and position.  The NEXT Duchess will certainly need to remember this lesson if she doesn't want to be the his "Next Last Duchess."

What is the difference between Macbeth's army and Malcolm's army?

Macbeth's army acts more out of fear than loyalty. Macbeth has become so evil that nobody would stay out of love for him, or even loyalty, because he is a terrible ruler. Malcolm's army, on the other hand, believe he is the rightful heir to the throne and would give their lives to see him made king. There is no stopping Malcolm's army; Macbeth's, on the other hand, would just as soon abandon him as stay.

How do Romantics,especially Wordsworth and Coleridge,view nature?

To add to the answer, 'The Return to Nature' slogan in the Romantics works both spiritually in terms of a Spinozian pantheism as in the idea of 'natura naturata' being a divine creation through the causal act of 'natura naturans' as well as psychologically and humanistically in terms of the human nature. It is both without and within in two differentsenses. The cycle of seasons in nature seems to symbolize the Christian myth of the fall and the Resurrection. Nature is in time. There fruition and death are two sides of the same coin and beauty and the marvellous sensuality go hand in hand.

The idea of the evil in nature is starkly present in the poetry of Blake, especially in poems of The Songs of Experience like The Poison Tree, The Darkening Green and so on. In Coleridge, the mystical and the supernatural relate to an implication of an evil power in Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Christabel and Kubla Khan. In Wordswoth, there is more faith than doubt, but there are certain passages in Prelude where the darker undersides of imagination, especially its failure and the tyranny of nature are brought out.

What is the difference between the characters Squeaky and Gretchen in the story "Raymond's Run"?

Gretchen and Squeaky both are dedicated, particularly to running.  The compete well in the race, and have respect for each other becaue they are equal and fair competitors.   They also have a sense of self-assurance and pride - unlike the other girls, such as Mary Louise, they do not need to make fun of others to feel good.  They stand on their own and are good leaders.

What is ironic about where Chris donated his money in the book Into the Wild?A. OXFAM America is a hunger relief organization. B. His parents...

All of the answers are technically true, but the one that
is the most ironic is the first one. Chris McCandless donated his money to OXFAM
America, which is a hunger relief organization. The ultimate irony in this fact is that,
two years later, he himself died of starvation.

Chris
McCandless was an idealist and an enigma. After he donated the money that was to have
put him through law school to OXFAM, he began to pursue his lifelong dream of traveling
the country, with no itinerary, no companions, and few amenities. There were a number
of instances where he unwittingly put his own life in danger, but the call to wander in
complete freedom as he felt it within his soul was stronger than anything to him, even
his own well-being. After donating his money, Chris never saw his family again, but on
one of his earlier trips, taken during the summer between school semesters, he returned
so emaciated that his parents were stunned. During the two years between his college
graduation and his final fateful trip into the Alaskan wilds, Chris traveled
ceaselessly, and survived a flash flood, heatstroke while hiking in the desert during
the height of summer, and being caught in a ferocious storm while paddling a canoe on
the open sea. When he finally died, he had gotten himself stuck in the Alaskan bush,
into which he had hiked with nothing more than a small sack of rice and a lunch packed
by the wife of the man who gave him a ride. Trapped by the high waters of a river which
was swollen with runoff from the mountains, Chris had tried to live off plants and seeds
in his environment, but had been unsuccessful. His decomposed remains, when found,
weighed only sixty-five pounds; Chris McCandless, who had donated enough money to
finance a good deal of time in law school to an organization which worked to alleviate
hunger for others, had starved to death himself.

What are some key significant quotes from Buried Child by Sam Shepard?

Buried Child is the Pulitzer Prize
winning success of counter-culture playwright Sam Shephard. Centered on a Midwestern
family in the United States, it is a macabre examination of the dark secret behind this
family's present lives based on an act of incest. The play traces the family's
deterioration following the great travesty that resulted from the violation of incest.
One turns to an impotent lifestyle of self absorption, another to fanatical religious
fervor, a third to insanity and imprisonment. The play ends with the apparent absolution
of the curse upon them and forgiveness in the form of the return of an estranged son and
his girlfriend.

Some significant quotes
are:

href="http://www.fultonschools.org/teacher/cooney/Buried%20Child_files/Significant%20quotes%20I.pdf">Act
I

H: What’s it like down there?
D: (to
himself) Catastrophic. p8
D: My appearance is out of his domain! It’s even out
of mine! In fact, it’s disappeared! I’m an invisible man! p12
D: Where’d you
get that [the corn]?
T: Picked it.
D: You picked all that? You
expecting company?
T: No.
D: Where’d you pick it from?
T:
Right out back.
D: Out back where!
T: Right out back.
D:
There’s nothing out there—in back. p13

href="http://www.fultonschools.org/teacher/cooney/Buried%20Child_files/Significant%20quotes%20II.pdf">Act
II

S: (Laughing, gesturing to house.) This is it?
I don’t believe this is it!
V: This is it.
S: This is the
house?
V: This is the house.
S: I don’t believe it!
V: How
come? It’s just a house.
S: It’s like a Norman Rockwell cover or
something.
V: What’s a matter with that? It’s American.
S: American?
Where’s the milkman and the little dog? What’s the little dog’s name? Spot. Spot and
Jane. Dick and Jane and
Spot. See Spot run.
V: Come on! Knock it
off. It’s my heritage. (She laughs more hysterically, out of control.) Have some respect
would ya!
S: (Trying to control herself) I’m sorry.
V: I don’t want
to go in there with you acting like an idiot.
S: Yes sir p
28

href="http://www.fultonschools.org/teacher/cooney/Buried%20Child_files/Significant%20quotes%20III.pdf">Act
III

S: It’s already different. Last night I was
scared.
D: Scared a what?
S: Just scared.
D: Yeah, well
we’ve all got an instinct for disaster. We can smell it coming.
S: It was your
son. Bradley. He scared me. p 53

[Click the links at the
Act headings for more quotes made available by Fulton County
Schools, GA.]

What is Carton's job and daily working routine? (book 2, Chapter 5)

Carton is a sort of lawyer associate to Stryker.  Although he is brilliant, he is also severely alcoholic, and so serves as a helper, or "jackal", to Stryker rather than as a lawyer on his own.  When Stryker must appear in court, Carton manages to be there too, "with his hands in his pockets, staring at the ceiling of the court", but his primary work is in the evenings, from about 10 p.m. until 3 a.m.when he goes over to Stryker's residence and reads and condenses his legal papers so that Stryker can easily understand them.  He also generally acts as a servant to Stryker, and goes carousing with him when the work is done.

What does James Stockdale mean in You Can Find the Courage when he says he was his brother's keeper?

What he is saying here is that he was not selfish -- he
did not think only of himself.

When we say we are
not our brother's keeper, we are saying we do not want to
be responsible for helping others.  We are saying we only want to think of
ourself.

But Stockdale is saying he did the opposite.  He
does not say exactly what he did.  He says that the prisoners' unwritten law said that
the most important thing was to support the other prisoners even if you might be able to
get something better for yourself by being selfish.

Can sonnet 18 by Shakespeare be releated to the human body ?

I think this is an excellent question, provided you do not think of it as a literal comparision.

I think he is talking about the difference between body and spirit here. The discussion of whether or not he should use a nature metaphor to speak of her reveals his fundamental problem with trying to use that metaphor: everything in nature either dies or is too harsh. Her body, too, will die, and her corporal beauty is impermanent. So when he talks about summer, he could be talking about a person's body at the height of its attractiveness. When he talks about the buds of May, he may talking about the body of a young, "budding" or developing person. The sun may represent the outward beauty of a person: it is true that sometimes the sun shines too hot, (and beauty stuns or dazzles rather than entices) and sometimes it is "dimmed" (and we can't see the beauty at all. When he says that "every fair from fair sometimes declines" that might also be a reference to our bodies and the potential for us to age and become less fair than once we were. Our bodies are maddeningly mortal: they flash with youth and beauty and then they age until everything we were is eclipsed by the shade of Death (this was especially so in Shakespeare's time).

The spirit, on the other hand, lives. Her essence transcends her body, and he is capable of capturing that essence in lines of poetry; hence, though her body must die, her spirit through him, becomes eternal.

What is the meaning of the sustainable marketing and how does such an approach lead to better relationships with customers?

Sustainable marketing refers to way of marketing which
incorporates needs of the customer, the organisation and the society in general over a
long term. It means designing and marketing products that can be used universally by all
the consumers across the world over extended periods, without causing harm to either the
consumers or the environment.

Some authors equate
sustainable marketing with concepts like social responsibility marketing, humanistic
marketing and ecological marketing. These concepts are based on the idea that the
organization's task is to determine the needs, wants and interests of the target markets
and to deliver the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than
competitors in a way that preserves or enhances the consumer's and society's well-being
(Kotler and Keller, p.22). Such an approach leads to better relationship with customer
by directly supplying goods and services needed by them, and by also preserving and
enhancing the entire society's well
being.

Reference:

Kotler, P.
and Keller, K.L. 2006, Marketing Management, 12th. Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New
Delhi.