Please explain to me the wordplay of this sentence and dramatic purposes served by the imagery in Othello, Act 4, Scene 1:You did wish that I...

Othello's reference to "goats and monkeys" in
Shakespeare's play is a sign that his mind is beginning to break down - he is treating
his own wife, a girl that he has no reason to think is not totally pure, as a fallen
woman - Iago's constant pressure is beginning to pay off. Different animals had
different connotations in Shakespeare's time and monkeys had been referred to as "hot"
or, in our terms, being morally "loose" and full of licenscious animal drives and
passions.Othello, it seems, has little experience with women and is very black and white
when it comes to categorizing them. This is because armies were an all-male preserve for
a lot of the time, and travelled away a lot. Men were more like likely to believe an old
comrade in arms than a girl they had just met, simply through the life-saving
attachments they had built up.

what are atticus's main points in his address to the jury (using as many quotes as possible)

Atticus explains that the case is not difficult, there is no medical evidence and little testimony to prove Tom's guilt. Atticus points out that Mayella has, "broken a rigid and time-honored code of our society" by attempting to seduce a black man. He acknowledges her poverty and the ignorance, but says, "I cannot pity her: she is white." He explains that Mayella proceeded to do this even though she knew it was not going to be acceptable.Having broken one of society's unspoken codes, she chose to, "put the evidence of her offense," specifically Tom, away from her by testifying against him. Atticus accuses Mayella of trying to get rid of her own guilt by getting rid of Tom.

Atticus claims that Mr. Ewell beat his daughter, proven by Mayella's bruising on her right side. Mr. Ewell is left-handed, while Tom can't punch with his left hand at all. Atticus points out that the case comes down to the word of a black man against the word of the white people, and that the Ewells' case depends upon the jury's assumption that "all black men lie." In conclusion, Atticus speaks directly to the jury, reminding them that there are honest and dishonest black people just as there are honest and dishonest white people. He tells the jury that in a court of law, "all men are created equal."

What does Ralph tell Jack to do at the meeting when Jack tries to talk out of turn?

Ralph reminds Jack that he who holds the conch speaks, and should not speak without that symbol.  Ralph tells Jack he must wait for the conch to speak. Throughout the story the conch operates a way to give order, yet at the same time it is always coveted by Jack because he who speaks has power. Eventually Jack refuses "to play" this game with the conch and other "games" reflective of civilization.

In the story "A Perfect Day for Banana Fish" what is the significance or connection between the "bananafish" and the story?

Seymour Glass is characterized by his peers as someone who is completely out of control; he was released from the military hospital, and no one seems to understand why he was released because of his ludicrous behavior. He does, however, seem to relate particularly well to a very young girl, Sybil.

Sybil's mother mistakes Sybil's comments of "Seymour Glass" with that of "see more glass," thus implying that Sybil is the only one who can see through Seymour as if he was glass. This becomes apparent in his story of the bananafish.

According to Seymour's story, the bananafish appear "perfectly normal" until they swim into a hole and overly consume large amounts of bananas in which they obtain "banana fever." This fever prevents the fish from being able to leave the hole, and thus they die from their excess. As Sybil is the only one who is able to "see more glass," she also has the ability to see a bananafish with "six bananas" in its mouth. The fish dies from excess of its own world; it entraps itself by overindulging, as Seymour does as well. Because Seymour relates perfectly well only with a child, his psychosexual development is nothing less than hairy, and his desire to kiss Sybil's feet, and hide his own body and feet, are much like the fish. The fish need to secretly swim into the hole to indulge in their fantasies, as Seymour seems to express his true feelings and desires away from acceptable society -- such as his awkward relationship with the young Sybil and the younger Sharon Lipschutz. Sybil leaves Seymour after denouncing him for kissing her feet, in a very child-like mild manner; he then proceeds to return to the materialistic world of room 507 where his wife Muriel, surrounded by the smell of her nailpolish, is asleep, and he kills himself.

Once the bananafish realize that they cannot escape the destruction they have brought upon themselves, or that they cannot return to "reality" or "society," they simply have no choice but to perish from existence.

What are three passages in the book, you think, that are significant to The Secret Life of Bees?Help explain the story, important things/details...

While there are many significant passages in the novel, I
have chosen three that show a huge amount of growth and development in Lily’s character.

Lily searches for freedom. Just like the bees
trapped in the jar, Lily felt trapped living with T. Ray, until she realizes that she is
free to leave. Living at the peach farm, Lily is like the bees trapped in the jar, dying
slowly, unable to fly. But once she realizes she can leave, it is like she learned that
her jar was opened,

readability="13">

“You could say I never had a true religious
moment, the kind where you know yourself spoken to by a voice that seems other than
yourself, spoken to so genuinely you see the words shining on trees and clouds. But I
had such a moment right then, standing in my own ordinary room. I heard a voice say,
Lily Owens, your jar is open. In a matter of seconds I knew exactly
what I had to do – leave” (41).

Lily struggles to
find her mother throughout the novel. She wants to know everything she can about the
woman she never knew, about her life, and what happened to her. Lily feels the lack of a
mother’s influence and it has left her broken in many ways, feeling unlovable. August
teaches her that she is not unlovable, and that the Mary of Chains has been a stand-in
mother for her. She tells Lily that Our Lady (Mary) is not a statue, she’s something
that is inside every person,

readability="10">

“She’s something inside of
you…You have to find the mother inside yourself. We all do. Even if we already have a
mother, we still have to find this part of ourselves inside…You don’t have to put your
hand on Mary’s heart to get strength and consolation and rescue, and all the other
things we need to get through life…You can place it right here on your own heart.
Your own heart” (288). Lily learns that she has the power inside
herself to lead her own life and trust herself to make the right choices and have the
strength to survive.

Lily’s major
quest in this novel is the quest for love. She feels forsaken by T. Ray, who was
supposed to love her, but never did. She feels abandoned by her mother, who left her,
then came back, but died, condemning Lily to a life stuck with T. Ray. Lily finally
finds love and a place of belonging with the Boatwright sisters in the pink house. After
T. Ray comes to the pink house to collect Lily and after meeting opposition finally lets
her stay, Lily is finally freed from her past. She realizes the truth, that she is
loved,

“ I
watched until he was gone from sight, then turned and looked at August and Rosaleen and
the Daughters on the porch. This is the moment I remember clearest of all – how I stood
in the driveway looking back at them. I remember the sight of them standing there
waiting. All these women, all this love, waiting” (pg
299).

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, do you believe that the river acts as an extended metaphor for journey and growing up?Or do you think that...

Absolutely!  When Huck begins his journey, he is naive and unseasoned as most 13-year-old boys are.  He hasn't really thought of the consequences of his actions, or even how others will react or be effected.

He first meets Jim, who thinks Huck is a ghost.  Huck plays tricks on Jim (especially the one where they are separated by the fog and Huck pretends he hadn't left the raft the whole time) Jim shows through his reactions to these tricks that he is a living, breathing, feeling human being who just happens to be a black man.  Huck learns to respect Jim as a person and promises not to play Jim for a fool any more.

Jim protects Huck from the knowledge that the dead man on the floating house was Huck's dad.  Much later, toward the end of the book, when Huck is much more mature and had gained some life experience, Jim shares with Huck that the dead man was his father.  Huck has a hard time dealing with this, but having lived through the adventures with him, we know he wouldn't have been able to hear this information earlier in the book and dealt with it as well as he does when Jim tells him.

When Huck and Jim begin their journey, Huck is a white boy who has known nothing but whites are in control and blacks are their slaves.  No questions asked, that's how it is and always has been.  By the time he and Jim are at the Phelps' house, Jim is more than a slave to Huck.  He is a friend for whom Huck would do anything.

How old is the narrarator in The Scarlet Ibis?

The narrator in the story is actually Doodle's big brother as and adult telling the story. The story begins using adult language and syntax, but as he slips into telling us about his childhood memories of Doodle he begins to take on a childlike persona and the mood and tone of the story change. The begins to sound very much like a child is telling it about his younger brother at the time things are happening. This is actually a very clever way of writing the story because we get some insights from the adult narrator that we might not have gotten had the story actually been told by the child himself. For example, at several different places in the story Doodle's brother expresses his remorse for the way he treats Doodle, like leaving him in the loft knowing Doodle couldn't climb down the ladder without help. The narrator recalls how he felt at the time and how he felt after having heard Doodle's screams.

In "A Modest Proposal" why does the narrator express the hope that his plan will not be liable to the least objection just before he introduces it?

In Swift's "A Modest Proposal," when the speaker says
that

I shall
now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts, which I hope will not be liable to the
least objection....

he, first
of all, is literally saying that he hopes no one will object to his proposal.  This
makes sense because he is proposing something that he supposedly wants others to approve
of.  He would naturally want everyone to
agree.

Figuratively, of course, the speaker is being
ironic.  He says he hopes no one will object, because he knows everyone will object.  He
uses this kind of irony throughout the essay, starting with the title:  his proposal is
anything but modest.

That's the long, official answer.  The
short answer is that he's being funny; making a joke.

Please explain briefly how Tom was killed in Chapter 24 or 25 of To Kill a Mockingbird? What is Atticus's explanation for Tom's attempted escape?...

In To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus has
been tasked with defending Tom Robinson, an innocent man. However, in Maycomb County,
innocence is defined in terms of race and, as Tom is a black man, no matter what
evidence supports his innocence, he will inevitably be found guilty. Such is the case by
chapter 24 when Atticus returns from the prison where he has tried to give Tom some hope
of reprieve from his guilty verdict. Tom, however, has given up hope; even telling
Atticus that there "ain't no use tryin'." 

Atticus walks in
on the Missionary Circle's meeting and it is clear that something is wrong. Atticus
tells Calpurnia and Aunt Alexander what has happened to Tom. Tom is dead! He was
apparently killed while trying to escape during the exercise period. The guards, having
pointed their weapons in the air and fired a few warning shots, then shot him no less
than seventeen times, claiming that he was in "a blind rage." It appears Tom almost made
it, going so fast, but the bullets stopped him just as he went over the
fence. 

It seems, according to Atticus, that Tom thought
his chances of escape over the fence were as good as any "white men's chances;" in other
words, as unlikely as it may have seemed that Tom would make it over the fence, it is
just as likely as a lawful reprieve (that is, improbable).  Atticus has previously tried
to reassure Tom that he has a good chance of being freed but is unable to guarantee it
and Tom, having patiently waited and having been subjected to humiliation and a complete
travesty of justice, can see no chance, despite his proven innocence, because Maycomb
County has effectively made its decision. Atticus's faith in human nature is admirable
but Tom's own lack of faith in the system is understandable as it has already let him
down so badly. Unfortunately, this situation of mistrust and injustice will continue,
almost unnoticed in Maycomb County. 

Why is Holmes attention draw to the ventilator?nothig

There are a few reasons why Sherlock Holmes notices this
ventilator.

First of all, it seems very odd that the bell
rope is attached to the ventilator and not to anything
else.

Second, it seems strange that you would put in a
ventilation duct and make it go and connect to another room.  You would think that you
would want your ventilation to connect to the outside so you could have fresh air.  This
would be easier too.

Finally, it seems suspicious that
Roylott put this ventilator in without being asked and then (after Julia is dead)
demands that Helen move into the room with the ventilator as
well.

Given f(x) = x² and g(x) = 5x + 3 Evaluate i) gf(-2) ii) g¯¹(x) ...

i) gf(-2)

Given two function
g(x) and f(x), the function gf(x) = g[f(x)]

it is
given:

g(x) = 5x + 3, and f(x) =
x^2

Therefore:

gf(x) = g[f(x)]
= g(x^2) = 5(x^2) + 3

= 5x^2 +
3

And

gf(-2) = 5(-2)^2 + 3  =
5*4 +3 = 20 + 3 = 23

ii)
g¯¹(x)

When gx has the form y =
g(x),

g inverse(x) represents the same function in the
form;

x = a function of y

We
convert g(x) in the g (inverse(x) form as follows:

y = 5x
+3

5x = y - 3

x = y/5 -
3/5

Interchanging x and y, the function g inverse(x)
becomes

g inverse(x) --> y = x/5 -
3/5

Give 3 traits for Curley’s wife being a round/static character. Give 3 types of evidence FOR EACH trait(quote, or reasons)

In the novel "Of Mice And Men" by John Steinbeck, the
author show us in Curley's wife a character who is both slightly active, and passive.
She is passive in this sense that she has fixed static qualities and in the fact that
she is mostly a character that things happen to - not one that makes things happen.
Curley marries her, Lennie kills her. One exception is in the slightly provaocative
behavior she displays, hanging round the ranch, seeking attention,flirting, winding the
men up and insulting the weakest in covert cowardly ways. She had dreams like Lennie and
George, but couldn't make them happen either. Another static quality is her lack of
identity - even in a name.

What are the pros and cons of 'animal testing'?

The pros of animal testing is that we can obtain
information on how organisms with similar working systems as humans can process and
react to new medications and treatments prior to applying them to human beings. We can
use animals to try ways to cure illnesses, to employ treatment options, and to choose
medicines that can actually help.

The cons of animal
testing rely on the ethical and moral arguments that arise as a result of using a live
body for potentially dangerous researches that might end up in their death. Doing this
might make humans seem as blood-thirsty people who can use and dispose of living
organisms with out respect. Although that is not necessarily the case, many think that
it is so, and that is when animal testing becomes a current
issue.

How does the scene at the carousel at the end of the novel bring The Catcher in the Rye to an end?Discuss Pheobe's reaching for the brass ring,...

In the carousel scene, Holden returns home, which was his original objective in leaving Pencey in Chapter 1.  Like Phoebe reaching for the brass ring, he has tried to make the transition into adulthood and failed - "fallen off" the carousel, so to speak, and has returned to the security of childhood to regroup, hopefully to try again another day.  In describing his fear in watching Phoebe, he says, "the thing with kids is, if they want to grab for the gold ring, you have to let them do it...if they fall off, they fall off, but it's bad if you say anything to them" (Chapter 25). Holden is aware that growing up involves necessary risk.

The fact that Holden sits by the carousel but does not ride is significant because it shows that he can go back and enjoy the peace and security childhood offers for awhile, but that he is in reality no longer a child and can no longer participate in its rites.  His tears may be tears of joy and relief at the respite his return offers, or they may be symbolic of renewal.

what is a perfect introduction than name two subjects and say that they are simlar , very diffrent or have many important ( or interesting )...

The perfect introduction?  I don't know that there is such a thing, but there are several ways to begin papers which are effective.  All of these include a "hook"--a way to interest your reader and make him/her want to keep reading.  You can do this with a quote, an anecdote (short story lead in), statistics, some shocking fact or statement.

The typical formula is to hook the reader, state your purpose for the paper, then spend the next few paragraphs giving reasons for your stance on a subject or factors/steps in your explanation or how-to approach.  The conclusion should reiterate without completely restating your main points, since the last few paragraphs are what your reader will most likely remember.  Be sure to emphasize the main points in a clever and interesting way.

With comparison and contrast papers, you can organize it one of two ways:  first, you could list 3-4 ways the two items resemble and/or differ from each other and then take each of these ways and discuss all the similarities/differences at once before moving on to the next factor, OR you can talk about one of the items and discuss all of the factors you've decided to use and then move to the other subject and do the same thing.Good luck!

Is it true that Boo Radley was an intelligent child who was emotionally damaged by his cruel father?Some say that Boo Radley became "mentally...

Boo Radley is a powerful symbol of goodness although he is originally blanketed in a shroud of creepiness, leaving little presents for Scout and Jem and emerging at just the right moments to save them from harm. He was originally an intelligent child emotionally, but he was emotionally damaged by his cruel father, and essentially put under "house arrest" for most of his life. To specifically answer your question, yes Boo is one of the novel's “mockingbirds,” a good person injured by the evil of mankind. He provides a perfect example of the threat that evil poses to innocence and goodness. Check the link below for more information. Hope this helps you.

What do you think about Eveline's father?

Eveline's father is not a good father in any sense of the word. Eveline's memories and anecdotes about him all surround his drunken and abusive behavior. The first incident the reader learns about is the time he went hunting for his children in the field with a stick.

Eveline admits that he is violent when he drinks, and tries to rationalize it away by saying he usually left her be. The abuse usually focused on her now deceased mother and older brothers.

Eveline is forced to try to care for him, and yet he does heap abuse on her and makes her life difficult. He berates her for wasting his money, which is for food, while he blows it on booze. Eveline is stuck to contend with his drinking and violent temper.

Why did Sylvia Plath write the poem of "Lady Lazarus"?

Why does anyone write anything?  To speculate is to
diminish the art.  The New Critics would not like this
question...

Poetry is confession, catharsis, therapy, a way
of making sense of the world, a chance to have one's words immortalized, and
puzzle-making: putting the perfect words in the perfect order.  Namely, the poem is her
most mature attempt to make sense of her mental illness (which lead to previous
unsuccessful suicide attempts), her family (father and mother), her ex-husband, and the
cruelty, dehumanization, and absurdity of the modern
world.

Plath attempts to be absurdist and confessional poet
in "Lady Lazarus," her magnum opus along with "Daddy."  Anne Stevenson lauds the
paradoxical complexity of Plath's poetry, saying it "is all of a
piece":

Its
moments of tenderness work upon the heart as surely as its moments of terror and harsh
resentment. And despite her exaggerated tone and the extreme violence of some of her
energy, Plath did, courageously, open a door to
reality.

Stevenson goes on to
praise Plath's "Lady Lazarus" persona "with its agressive assertion of regeneration,
rejoice[ing] in so much verbal energy that the justice or injustice of the poet's
accusations cease to matter."

The poem does not condone
suicide.  Rather, it rises above it, if only for a moment.  Her poetry works best in
barrage: imagery against men, materialism, sexism, self, suffering, and tradition.
 Regardless of the poet, the poem, like all good art, affirms and breathes
life.

When Fortinbras arrives at the end of Act 5 was he attacking Denmark? What was his purpose in Act 5?I want to make a point in an essay that when...

In Hamlet Act V, I do think
Fortinbras means to take Denmark.  I have seen it staged as a real cannon with real
troops: an invasion.  Among these is Branagh's film version Hamlet,
in which the Norwegian soldiers crash through windows as they enter the castle and
Marcellus is stabbed by bayonet outside the castle
gate.

Earlier, Fortinbras had wanted to take Denmark, and
his uncle (influenced by Claudius) warned him against it.  So, Fortinbras went after
Poland instead, as a concession.  But, isn't Poland a red herring all along?  Yes, he
gets the lands back from Poland, but that does not end his quest for revenge.  He wants
his cake and to eat it too: the lands give him no personal satisfaction.  And, as you
know, revenge is all about emotional satisfaction.

Isn't
Fortinbras' real goal Denmark all along?  He clearly wants personal revenge, but now
that Claudius has done that for him by killing King Hamlet, he's out for political
revenge (against the entire country).

Fortinbras is a
combination of Laertes and Hamlet when it comes to revenge.  He had been hell-bent on
emotional revenge (like Laertes) against Denmark, but luckily he is forced to back away
from his hot-headed plan.  In Act V he proceeds like Hamlet toward revenge, much more
deliberately and indirectly.

His excuse for fighting in
Poland could be a red herring to pass through Denmark, his real goal.  The irony is, of
course, that he gets no personal satisfaction from revenge, like Hamlet.  Fortinbras
realizes that all are losers when it comes to revenge: it leads only to tragedy,
personally and politically.

What is the naturalist symbolism in "To Build a Fire"?

The movement of Naturalism came about in conjunction with Darwin's theory concerning evolution and natural selection.  Naturalism asserts that humans,  instead of being above other animals in the heirarchy of the world, are just another ring the chain of life.  We are controlled not as much by our intellect, but by our genetics and by natural laws which have governed our development, just like other animals.  This is symbolized in the story with the ultimate failure of the narrator.  He tries to use his intellect in the story to "keep his head", but everytime  he does, he ignores his instinct.  He does not do enough to keep warm, etc.  As a result, he fails.  If he listened to his natural instincts, he could have survived.

Although not based on formal research, to me, the symbolism in "To Build a Fire" exists in the form of the man as  symbolic of humans in general in their attitudes of superiority in respect to most, if not all things.  For example, the man thinks or believes that he has nothing to fear from the weather and that his intelligence makes him far superior to it, when in reality nature is the one thing on earth that man can never and will never be able to change, control, or manipulate.

How does Elie lose his sense of self through his suffering and despair in Night?

In the book Night Elie had always had
a very spiritual side that he thought would help him through life.  He and his family
are taken off, separated, and he and his father are forced to endure the hardships of
the concentration camps.

Elie slowly loses his self
identity.  Initially, he has lost the boy he had been.  He then begins to lose his
spirituality when he witnesses the young boy being hung.  Later as he finds himself
repulsed that his father is drawing attention to himself by his inability to keep up
with work and becomes sick, Elie loses who he was as a son.

In the poem "On This Island" by WH Auden, what scansion, rhyme scheme and sound devices are used? How does this fuse with the cognitive meaning?The...

The poem has been written predominantly in the Iambic
measure with variable number of stresses in the lines, having varying length--2, 3, 4
& 5 stresses.

There is no regular rhyme-scheme;it
is like--a b c d c e d f g h i g i j k l m l m m. Evidently, certain sounds do not get
rhymed--a b / e f h / j k.

So far assound-devices are
concerned, alliterations galore:

leaping/light;
delight/discovers....line
2

stand/stable............................line
3

swaying/sound.........................line
7

falls/foam (mediated )................line
9

scrambles, sucking/surf..............line
12

far/off/floating..........................line
14

move/memory...........................line
18

There are also examples of para-rhyme(e.g.
ledges/lodges)and internal rhymes(light/delight).The poem is quite challengingly
experimental in its metrical variations, very curious rhyme-pattern, and intricate
sound-effects. All this contributes to the variable spectrum of observation and the
multifaceted fluidity of the whole scene.

Why did Eliezer pray and cry when he did so?

At the beginning of Night, author Elie Wiesel is passionate about his Judaism. He is fascinated with Cabala (Jewish mysticism) and has a strong desire to learn everything he can about it by finding a teacher. In Judaism, normally a man does not even begin the study of Cabala until he is at least forty years old because it takes a certain amount of wisdom just to attempt to decipher it. Orthodox Jewish boys spend much of their time praying and studying, and Elie is no exception. When he finally finds a Cabala teacher in Moshe the Beadle, Moshe asks Elie why he cries when he prays. Elie responds, "I don't know why." He continues:

"The question had never entered my head. I wept because--because of something inside me that felt the need for tears. That was all I knew.

'Why do you pray?' he asked me, after a moment. Why do I pray? A strange question. Why did I live? Why did I breathe?

'I don't know why,' I said, even more disturbed and ill at ease" (Wiesel 2).

Weeping and praying are like breathing to Elie. They are an inherent part of him--like the blood running through his veins and his heart beating. Elie's belief in God is that strong, which is one of the reasons his story is so tragic. The Nazis take everything away from Elie Wiesel. They take his possessions, his parents, his little sister, and perhaps worse of all, they take his faith that had meant so much to him. 

What are some symbols in "The Most Dangerous Game" and why are they important to the story?

I don't know that "The Most Dangerous Game" has that many symbols in it.  It has a few themes, but it's more of an adventure story than a story filled with symbolism.  But if I had to take a shot - I'd look at Zaroff's mansion.  I think this could represent his love of hunting and killing.  Zaroff obviously is very wealthy and quite intelligent; however, instead of using his money and talents to benefit humanity, he uses them to destroy it.  To his credit, when Rainsford learns what Zaroff deems is the best type of game to hunt, he is revolted.  For Rainsford it is murder, not sport.  He sees a clear distinction between animals and human life.  Zaroff, in his greed and blood lust, has lost that distinction.  Now the interesting thing to examine is since Rainsford defeats Zaroff in the climax and now has sole possession of the mansion and island, has his attitude toward hunting and the value of human life changed?  Or will he become as corrupted as Zaroff after getting a taste of the most dangerous game?

Why did William Makepeace Thackeray write "Vanity Fair" Was there something in his life that urged him to write this novel?

While certainly Thackeray had moral and aesthetic reasons for writing the novel, he also had financial ones.  He wrote it as a serial (installments in magazines) to make money.  Although born into the class of a gentleman, he had lost money through investments.  He saw himself as competing against Charles Dickens, who also wrote for serial publications.  However, Thackeray never reached the popularity gained by Dickens, but he certainly was sufficiently successful to be called a genius by his contemporaries and thereby winning back his status as a “gentleman.”

Why did Montressor decide to kill Fortunato in his own basement instead of somewhere else?

The murder of Fortunato took place, not in Montressor's basement, but in the catacombs, family crypts, of Montressor's family.  This site was perfect for his crime for several reasons; the first of these is that it was his family crypt.  I don't know about you, but to be perfectly honest, I can't think of anyone who just decides to take a walk in their family crypt!  Therefore, it is not likely that anyone would stumble upon the murder scene; another benefit is that Montresor himself has access and can keep an eye on the scene whenever needed.  Finally, there is the point to be made that no one could hear Fortunato when he screams, which I suspect he did for as long as he had the strength.  These are the basic reasons that Montressor chose to kill his enemy in his family crypt.

Why does Herot remain empty for twelve years in Beowulf?

Herot is the grand mead hall built for the Danes by
Hrothgar, the king. Unfortunately, this king is not able to protect his men from the
terrible monster, Grendel, who has plagued his kingdomfor twelve years. Whenever he is
hungry, Grendel slinks in at night, snatches up a handful of Danes (sometimes as many as
30), and eats them. Eventually, Hrothgar's men fear that if they sleep in Herot at
night, they too will become a meal, and they decide to go elsewhere. Hrothgar is not the
best of lords, since he appears ineffectual when it comes to protecting his men and
lords. He puts sentries along to the coast, but one never reads that he did anything
other than wring his hands, cry, and offer Grendel land and gold. Hrothgar's reputation
as a leader is trashed and his tales of woe travel across the seas. Beowulf, who is a
young Geat warrior and who wants fame and fortune, comes to the rescue of the Danes.
Herot soon is saved from Grendel's terrible menace.

In Saint-Exupery's The Little Prince, why does the narrator give statistics about Earth in Chapters 16 and 17?

Saint-Exupery's account of Earth, especially the
statistics he relays in both Chapters 16 and 17, actually
fits in with one of the most dominant themes of the book.
In addition, the irony found in these descriptions also adds a great deal of humor.

The most dominant theme in the book is materialism and
its consequences. In Chapter 17, it becomes very evident how
Saint-Exupery's recitation of Earth's statistics fits in with the theme of materialism.
Here he states that he was exaggerating in the previous chapter. The exaggeration is
seen in his idea of lamplighters lighting entire continents in sequence, just like a
dance. The truth is that entire continents would never be lit up because in reality,
mankind does not occupy the entire Earth, only "a very small place upon the Earth." He
further points out that all two billion people inhabiting Earth could actually all stand
together on one "small Pacific islet," just as they would in a stadium. He further
argues that most people would actually not believe that all of Earth's inhabitants can
occupy a small space. Instead, "They imagine that they fill a great deal of
space."

Which brings us to the heart of his argument.
Mankind is so caught up in numbers and figures and
so vain that "they fancy themselves as important as the
baobabs" (Ch. 17). In other words, Saint-Exupery is using his statistics of Earth to
prove mankind's arrogance and to show that mankind is caught up in materialism. The
figures actually represent materialism because they are all figures of material objects.
All of the figures he quotes in Chapter 16, including the 111 kings and the two billion
grown-ups is to make the reader reflect on his or her own self-importance and to make
the reader get caught up in the figures in order to prove in the next chapter that
mankind is indeed arrogant and caught up in materialism. Hence, the use of the
statistics serves to prove his point that mankind is interested in large numbers and
therefore materialistic.

In what way is Atticus a moral compass? How are equal rights abused in the novel, and how does Atticus effectively respond to discrimination?in To...

Atticus's moral compass always points to fairness and
justice, although justice in that time period is skewed to whites only. He does not
judge anyone, at least in front of his children. When his children want to know about
something as ugly as what rape is, he gives them the formal definition (which they
usually don't understand, but their curiosity is assuaged). He dealt with his children's
questions about the racial situation of the time in such a way as to teach, not preach,
a lesson.

There is no such thing as equal rights in the
novel. Tom Robinson was denied a jury of his peers;there were no black jurors because
blacks could not vote at that time. Even with definitive proof that Mayella was beaten
by a left-handed person, Tom was found guilty even though his left arm was withered and
crippled. Segregation was the norm, both in the court room, neighborhoods, and
schools.

 Atticus responds to discrimination by
volunteering to take Tom Robinson's case. He defended him to the best of his ability,
but he was too far ahead of his time to be successful. Even when his life was threatened
by the lynch mob, Atticus kept his cool and dealt with the angry men in a civil
fashion. 

In chapter 5, why does Piggy dissuade Ralph from giving up his position as chief?

Piggy dissuades Ralph for two main reasons.  First of all, Piggy and Ralph need each other - they are, along with Simon, are the only ones who look at their situation from a mature perspective.  The other boys are only interested in playing and hunting whereas Ralph and Piggy want to do everything they can to be rescued. 

Also, Ralph is the only one who accepts Piggy.  If Ralph stepped down from his position, Piggy would be at the mercy of all the other boys and would have no protection whatsoever.   

In Of Mice and Men, what is Crooks somtimes afraid of late at night in his little room?

I would disagree with that.  I think Crooks is very concerned that when his life is over he will not have made any real connections with anybody.  These are his lines:

 "I didn't mean to scare you.  He'll come back.  I was talkin' about myself.  A guy sets alone out here at night, maybe readin' books or thinkin' or stuff like that.  Sometimes he gets thinkin', an' he got nothing to tell him what's so an' what ain't so.  Maybe if he sees somethin', he don't know whether it's right or not.  He can't turn to some other guy and ast him if he sees it too.  He can't tell.  He got nothing to measure by.  I seen things out here.  I wasn't drunk.  I don't know if I was asleep.  If some guy was with me, he could tell me I was asleep, an' then it would be all right.  But I jus' don't know."

What is an erasure poem?

Erasure poetry is a genre of
"found art" applied to poetry creation. The principle of this genre of found poetry is
that the poet comes across or selects a written text, thus "finds" it, then erases words
around other selected words, which will create a poetic
expression.

Thus an erasure
poem is the result of this found art
process.

To create an erasure
poem, select or come across a written text. Look it over or read it over. Select words
that express a poetic feeling, experience, sensation or thought that you have in mind or
that comes to mind as you scan your found art text. Now, erase the other words of the
text that do not participate in the expression of your poetic creation. This will then
be an erasure poem. Selected words may be left standing where they are on the page,
in situ, or they may be arranged on a new page into lines and
stanzas.

Using the "found" text of this answer, we might
create an erasure poem here for an example. I've mentally "erased" all words but these,
starting from the top line and accumulating words downward. I've taken them out
of in situ and arranged them in one three-line
stanza.

EXAMPLE ERASURE
POEM

found creation comes across
words
erasure process sensation mind scan
participate creation poem
recast

I need an explanation of the lines of the poem The Inchcape Rock by Robert Southey.

The poem The Inchcape Rock by Robert
Southey refers to a bell which has been placed on a reef after many sailors have
presumably lost their lives on this notorious stretch of sea. The poem begins calmly and
the reader is unaware of the significance of the rock as ships remain apparently safe
with their "keel [was] steady in the ocean" suggesting that the ships are upright and
not in any apparent danger. However, this misleads seamen who are oblivious to the
dangers they cannot see beneath the waves and "Without either sign or sound of their
shock", the rock threatens their existence. This is why seamen are so grateful to the
Abbot of Aberbrothok who placed a bell on the rocks and, when the sea is calm the rock
is visible and bell stays silent but when it is stormy "on a buoy in the storm it
floated and swung / And over the waves its warning rung." As the bell moves with the
waves, it rings and this warns sailors. When sailors hear the bell, they know to steer
clear of it because of the rocks and they are grateful to the abbot and thank or "blest"
him. 

This angers Sir Ralph the Rover and so on a clear day
when "The Sun in heaven was shining gay", Ralph thinks of a plan. He "fix’d his eye" on
the "speck" and feels immediately invigorated at his wicked plan. Sir Ralph intends to
"plague" or upset the abbot by loosening the bell so that it sinks to the bottom "with a
gurgling sound." Having done this, Sir Ralph goes about his business and "scour’d the
seas for many a day." He is apparently a pirate as he intends to return home with
"plunder’d store," meaning that he has stolen goods from his escapades. On the return,
it is dark when they approach home and one of his men comments that he wishes he could
hear the bell because he can hear "the breakers roar", suggesting that they are near the
shore. As the boat drifts, it hits the rock "with a shivering
shock." 

Too late to do anything about it, Sir Ralph
berates himself "in his despair" and finds his ship is sinking. As he is drowning, Sir
Ralph does think he hears a bell just like the Inchcape Bell but it is the Devil
"ringing his knell." In other words, Sir Ralph will be going to
Hell.

Why does Brutus tell everyone to "fly not, stand still"?

The quote is from Act III, scene i, and occurs immediately after Brutus and the conspirators have finished killing Caesar.  Cinna and Cassius are saying they should run through the streets, proclaiming liberty and freedom, and the senators are all beginning to panic, but Brutus advises them:

"People and senators, be not affrighted,
Fly not, stand stiff: ambition's debt is paid."

Brutus is trying to get them to calm down and act like the patriots they are (or that he has convinced himself they are), rather than run around looking guilty.

Check the link below for more information.  Good luck!

Explain Doublethink in "1984". Why is it essential to the success of the party? part 1

Doublethink is a way for you to think one way but believe another. It is protection for anyone in the Party who does not truly believe the policies.

For instance, when Winston is being tortured by O'Brien, O'Brien tells Winston that two plus two equal five. Winston oberves that O'Brien gives absolutely no indication that he believes any other thing than that 2+2 actually DOES equal 5. Even though Winston knows this is not true, he also eventually begins to think that 2+2 MIGHT equal 5.

It's like thinking one thing and saying something completely opposite to hide your true feelings...doublethink is incredibly wearisome and difficult to keep up for any period of time, especially in a society like Oceania where people are constantly looking for a reason to accuse someone else of thoughtcrime.

Why are all three branches of goverment equally powerful? please answer question.

I am not sure that you really can say that all of the
three branches of government are equally powerful.  But if I had to argue that they
were, I would say that it is because each can sort of cancel out an action of the
other.

For example, the President can veto a law that
Congress has passed.  In turn, Congress can override the President's veto if it has
enough votes.

When it comes to the judicial branch, they
can say that a law passed by Congress or an action of the President in
unconstitutional.

In that way, each branch can cancel out
things the others do.  This, you can argue, makes them all
equal.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of renewable and non-renewable energy sources?It is should be 200 words.

Renewable energy resources include the resources which are
regularly generated or created by natural processes or can be generated by processes
such as farming. Because of this the renewable sources of energy do not get depleted
with use. These include a range of different sources such as hydro power, solar power,
wind power, geothermal power, tidal power, vegetable oil, and alcohol made form sugar
cane and other vegetable products. Different sources of renewable energy present
different advantages and disadvantages. However one common advantage of such sources is
that they don't  get depleted with with use. Also most of the renewable energy sources
produce energy without creating environmental pollution in form of exhaust gases from
burning of fuel. Burning of Alcohol produces much less pollution. However, use of
vegetable oils as fuel can be as polluting as the non-renewable energy
source.

The biggest disadvantage for most of the sources is
that technology for producing energy economically on a large scale is not available.
Also while there is no depletion of these source of energy, there is limitation on the
total rate of power that can be generated. Also this maximum rate is also fluctuates
from time to time. For example solar power is available only during the day, and
hydro-power availability fluctuates with availability of water for generation, which
fluctuates heavily with seasonal variations.

The
non-renewable energy resources primarily refer to the energy that is available form
burning of fossil fuel such as coal and petrol. The two biggest disadvantages of this
source are the limited stock of such fuel in the world, and pollution. Fossil fuel
stocks have been created by earth's natural processes over millions of years. The rate
at which we are now using these resources is very high, while the rate of creation of
such new stocks is practically zero. In such condition the humanity is likely to run out
of the stocks of non-renewable fossil fuel in foreseeable future. Also burning of fossil
fuel creates environmental pollution which is likely to have very serious negative
impact on the very existence of humanity.The biggest advantage of fossil fuel is
availability of a very well developed technology for producing and using
them.

What is the major theme of the story? How do the fantastic elements help provide insights into the way human beings actually think and behave?

Doubt versus ambiguity is one of the major themes in this story. The reader is not given any clear cut answers in this story. Many issues do not get resolved, and the reader is left to wonder about the old man with wings. Is he an angel, some unknown species, or merely a mortal with wings? The author does not give the reader the answer, it is up to the reader to draw their own conclusions.

The ambiguity of the tale-the loose ends- are what make the story fantastic. It gives it a real feel. Rarely in life are people given resolution to their own events neatly tied up and concluded. This is true for the story, as well.

The elements of fantasy are what make the story, and the confusion of real versus fantasy is the purpose. The questions and unresolved issues are left for the reader to "make sense" of themselves. We must decide what happened and what is "real".

How do I compare and contrast "Theme for English B", and "Harlem"?We also have to compare and contrast theme and setting on the two poems chosen.

You will want to focus on the following, writing about a
paragraph for each:

Speaker's
Tone/Attitude: do both poems use a young black male speaker?  To what
effect?  Is his voice plain, sarcastic, dejected, angry?
 Why?

Imagery/Metaphor: to
what images, symbols, and metaphorical things does the speaker compare his
predicament?

Style: why does
the speaker use free verse style?  Are there musical/metrical qualities to the verse?
 Why so many rhetorical questions?  What are the implied answers to these
questions?

Theme: Are the
themes racial only?  What do they suggest about the socio-economic and racial relations
in America at that time?  In the educational system?  Is America and its schools the
land of opportunity?

what are the differences and similarities between Catherine and her daughter Cathy?

Catherine is beautiful, superficial, and capable of sweetness , but is equally capable of volatile mood swings. Catherine is very aware of social status, and in this way never lets her heart truly rule her actions.

Cathy is beautiful as well, yet she does not have the emotional extremes that her mother does. This is not to say that she is emotionless, she does possess a strong spirit. The main difference is Cathy was able to love unconditionally, she would plans to leave with her true love, without caring what others might think.

In "To Kill a Mockingbird," what is Aunt Alexandra's last name?

Scout and Jem's aunt's name is Alexandra Finch Hancock. She is Atticus's sister who moves in with them. Aunt Alexandra tries to have a more traditional effect on the children, balancing out Atticus's liberal approach to child-raising. She is especially focused on Scout, who does not wish to conform to her aunt's ideas of ladylike behavior.

What are some similarities and differences between the characters Hamlet, Laertes, and Fortinbras in Hamlet?

All three men try to take
revenge for fathers murdered, but each are delayed in doing so, and each
regret the act after:

Fortinbras takes
political action to avenge his father's death.  Old
Fortinbras was killed by Hamlet Sr., and Hamlet Sr. was already killed by Claudius, so
Fortinbras decides to wage war on the entire state of Denmark.  He tries to be a man of
action, but he is called back by his uncle, the sick king of Norway.  So, he wages war
on Poland instead.  In the end, when he reaches Denmark all are dead, and though his
invasion is bloodless, he never really enacts personal revenge.  He is the only avenger
standing, a lonely enterprise.

Laertes tries to take quick
and personal revenge for his father's murder, first on
Claudius.  Claudius advises that he wait and kill Hamlet during a rigged fencing match.
 After he is stabbed, he regrets his role as avenger because he has been used as a tool
for Claudius' revenge.  In the end, quick personal revenge causes one to be
manipulated.

Hamlet is caught between revenge
and mercy, mainly because of fear of damnation and problems with his
mother.  His father mandates revenge, though Hamlet is unprepared to do so.  He delays
revenge because of fear and supernatural misgivings: how to send Claudius to hell and
his father and himself to heaven (is it even possible?).  In the end, he enacts revenge
on Claudius, but it comes after he is killed.  He has lost everything: mother,
girlfriend, and his own life.

What are three examples of allegory from Life of Pi?

There are several allegories in this fine novel. One is the way that the flesh-eating island is willing to consume Pi and everyone/everything else. This is a thinly disguised allegory for the bloody violence of nature. Pi is both literally lost at sea and metaphorically lost at sea; every literal adventure and challenge is also a spiritual one. Finally, the encounter near the end, when Pi is blind, represents how fully he's lost his sight (reason, insight), and how little it serves him in these crazy lands.

Can someone help me with the character analysis of the man in the story "To Build a Fire"?

In Jack London's "To Build a Fire," the dog, as part of
nature, is set in contrast to the man.  Still more wild dog than domesticated, the husky
is equipped for bitter cold.  His thick undercoat insulates him while the long oily
overcoat repels both the cold and the snow.  His feet are flatter on the ground than
other dogs--as though he has mini-snowshoes on--and he instinctively knows to bite the
ice from his feet when he steps through the ice.  Having done so, the wetness does not
permeate his fur and he is yet warm.

On the other hand, the
man, having become wet, must try to build a fire in order to dry his feet.  To do this,
he must expose himself, especially his fingers to the cold for a brief, dangerous time. 
As he "threshed with his arms and hands, [the man] felt a great surge of envy as he
regarded the creature that was warm and secure in its natural covering." And, so, "there
was no keen intimacy between the dog and the man."  For, the
dog

was not
concerned in the welfare of the man; it was for its own sake that it yearned back toward
the fire.

while the man, who
"lacks imagination," is not in touch with nature; he is "ignorant of the cold." He
realizes too late that the man from Sulfur Creek has spoken the truth; he realizes too
late that "one must not be too sure of things."  One cannot outwit nature.  This the dog
knows. 

What are some of Patty's characteristics in Summer of my German Soldier?

In Summer of My German Soldier, the protagonist is a young girl by the name of Patty, who can best be described, above all else, as lonely. She is from a wealthy Jewish family, but she is viewed by them--and others-- in many ways to be an outcast and a failure, which only adds to her feelings of lonliness and frustration. Throughout the novel she deals with many of the typical feelings of teenage girls, but due to her actions of harboring a German POW, her problems are on a much larger and life altering scale than most.  She feels horribly isolated and bored and is only able to escape by retreating into a world of her own made up of make-believe, exaggeration, and lies.  In the end she is left with pretty much the same characteristics and lots of trouble, but the novel comes to an end before the reader is able to observe any real changes in Patty's character.  Brenda

"Most of the main characters in The Great Gatsby are involved in delusion, deception & self deception." How valid is this statement?

To treat this statement about The Great
Gatsby, simply take one character at a time and see if he/she suffers from
illusions or practices deception.  I'm not sure I would worry too much, especially while
your gathering evidence, about the "perceptions" part.  That should come clear later,
after you've gathered evidence, but even if it doesn't, figuring the illusions of and
deception by the characters is most of what you're looking
for.

For instance, Gatsby suffers from the illusion that
Daisy loves him as much as and in the same way that he loves her.  She doesn't.  This is
a beautiful illusion, but it is still an illusion.  Gatsby dedicates five hears of his
life trying to recapture a past, that in reality, never existed in the first place.  He
suffers from illusion and self-deception.  He tells Nick that, of course, one can
capture the past.  But, of course, one cannot, especially when that past never even
existed.  Gatsby's relationship with Daisy from the past is Gatsby's reality.  But it's
a faulty reality.

Nick is another example:  he deceives the
reader, beginning his story with an anecdote (his father teaching him) that demonstrates
the fact that he doesn't judge people.  But he does judge people.  This is deception. 
Reality to Nick, his perception, is his honest character and his objective nature.  But
these, too, are illusions.  He is certainly not
objective.

Tom and Daisy also have illusions and practice
deceptions.  I'll leave those two to you. 

What is the theme of "Shopping" by Joyce Carol Oates?

"Shopping" highlights relationships between mother and
daughter, and demonstrates how such relationships may be deeply strained, even when the
mother and daughter are on a shopping excursion at the mall—a characteristically
American activity. Reading the story is both interesting to both sexes. Women will be
naturally interested in the two women, and the men are not so far away from family life
that they will not also be interested in the alienation that the story illustrates. This
story by Joyce Carol Oates highlights the unique bonds that a parent-child relationship
contains, and though similar to other works of literature, this contemporary setting
modernizes the ages old problems in dealing with children from a parent's
perspective. 

Please give information about the Victorian features of Tennyson and Robert Browning.Are Tennyson and Robert Browning related to Romantic poetry...

Tennyson and Browning are Victorian period poets. title="The Victorian Age. Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition at Infoplease.com"
href="http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/ent/A0858005.html">Victorianism differs
from href="http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/rom.html">Romanticism
in dramatic ways. For instance, Romanticism presented an idealized view of nature and of
the joys of simple rural living. Even when death and suffering were the topic, as in
Wordsworth's "The Ruined Cottage," it is presented in an embellished, idealized way with
suffering on a transcended moral plane. For Victorians, nature became a cold hard
reality; Tennyson even refers to nature’s bloodied
claws.

Another instance of differences is that in the
Romantic period, society was feeling the expansiveness of a rising industrial based
middle class and the poetry of the Romantics reflected this expansive feeling, with a
focus on individualism and self. By the Victorian period, society was feeling the crush
of the reality of an industrialized urban culture with the division between the wealthy
and impoverished growing wider and cities becoming overburdened with laborers coming
from the farm to make a living. This urban reduced the moral oversight provided by small
communities and close relationships, so poverty, violence and immorality of all kinds
grew at astounding rates, triggering the emphasis on Victorian moral purity and some
prevalent topics in Victorian poetry.

This, coupled with
the discoveries and theories in science, which added to the further weakening of
Christian belief, led Victorian poetry down the path of realism and protest, whereas
Romantic poetry was that of idealization and celebration of expansiveness. Within this
spirit, the Victorians favored the influence of Medieval and Baroque poets, along with
classical poets like Virgil, while Romantics had favored the Renaissance and classical
Greeks like Aristotle.

Tennyson displayed these Victorian
qualities in his writing. Although at times he chose topics that might harmonize with
Romantic period sensibilities, as with “Ulysses,” he more often chose topics protesting
contemporary life and explored society’s psychological aspects, as in “Mariana,” and
that presented moral themes, like the moral theme of the role of woman in “The Lady of
Shalott.” Some of his pressing social concerns were the role and treatment of children
and women and politics; he advocated higher education for women and spoke out on issues
like the Crimean War.

Tennyson had strong Christian
religious beliefs and was personally and philosophically dismayed over the sciences of
evolution, geography and such that were seeming to contradict a literal meaning for the
Judeo-Christian idea of Creation as found in the Bible. His poetry explored the meaning
and import of sciences to Christian faith, concluding that there was no need for a loss
of faith, which comforted his Christian readers.

Robert
Browning displayed Victorian qualities in his writing in that he explored the cognition
and psychology behind some of the moral questions of the day, e.g., “Porphyria’s Lover”
explores the cognition of a madman (consciousness) and the psychology of power and
dominance. Browning is noted for his use of dramatic monologue, differing from a
soliloquy by the presence of a listener in the text, while the soliloquy is the private
musings of a character alone in the text.

Browning’s
explorations of social topics--using violence and immorality as in society--including
scientific and religious topics, raise more questions than they answer, like about art
and morality. Browning builds a link from the Victorians to the upcoming Modernist poets
like T. S. Elliot, thus he is considered a “protomodernist,” anticipating future major
developments.

Define the symbols used in "The Waste Land".

Your question requires several books to answer it!  In fact, the poem is so complex in its symbolism that Eliot included his own footnotes to guide the reader. I will address the title of the poem, which refers to the world after WWI.  The narrator uses symbols of water and lack of it to show the infertility of our culture, wasted by a lack of love and giving. Eliot's footnote credits Jessie L. Weston's From Ritual to Romance as his source and inspiration for the overarching symbolic structure of the poem. Weston explains that the original Wasteland was part of the legend associated with the Quest of the Holy Grail found in Arthurian legend. Within the Quest for the Holy Grail is an ancient fertility myth having to do with the Fisher King whose death, sickness, or impotence brought about infertility of the land.  Note all the images of dryness and death in the opening section:  dead land, dull roots, winter, dried tubers, stony rubbish, broken images, dead tree, dry stone, and the repetition of rock are but a few examples. These pertain to the larger "death" of culture brought about and signified by the war.

Why doesn't the author give Curley's wife a name?

Steinbeck was planning to adapt his novella into a stage play at the time he was working on the book manuscript. He collaborated on the stage version with playwright George Kaufman, and it was produced with great success in New York in 1937, the same year the book came out. This explains why the novella has some of the same characteristics as a play. Although it is a story about agriculture and the lives of farm workers, the settings are few and are all indoors, except for the opening scene by the river and the closing scene in the same location. The main set is the bunkhouse. Another important set is the barn where Lennie kills Curley's wife. Anything that happens outside on the ranch happens offstages and is represented with sound effects, such as horses stomping and horseshoes ringing. It is obvious that Steinbeck was visualizing his play while he was writing his novella.

It can be observed that the characters are frequently introducing themselves to others or introducing other characters to each other. They also call each other by name more frequently than would normally happen in such a milieu. This name-calling is common in stage plays, especially in the opening scenes, and it usually seems awkward and artificial. In Of Mice and Men is for the benefit of the reader and for the future theater audience; and it is especially important because the characters in Steinbeck's story are all men, all farm workers, and all dressed in work clothes--with one exception.

The only exception is the one female character who is only referred to as "Curley's wife." This character isn't given a name because she doesn't need one in order to be identified or distinguished from the other characters. No doubt Steinbeck was annoyed by the tedious business of making up names and having all the men pointedly and repeatedly calling each other by these names. He even has Slim and Candy commenting on Lennie's last name of Small, which is supposedly funny because Lennie is so big.

Steinbeck tries to differentiate the male characters. Lennie is big and George is small. Lennie is dumb and George is smart. Curley is small and hostile. Slim is tall. Crooks stands out because he is the only black man on the ranch. Candy has lost one hand and is handicapped in his actions. Candy is a friendly and kindly man, while Carlson is cold and mean. But they still have to have names, and the names have to be repeated so that the reader--and especially the future theater audience--will remember them when they are offstage but are being referred to onstage. This differentiation of characters must have been one of Steinbeck's biggest concerns, and he was probably quite happy not to have to think up yet another name for Curley's wife.

Why was it important for The Receiver of Memory to have the Capacity to See Beyond?it's somewhere between chapters 12-13I think The Receiver of...

I have been pondering this question all day. I have looked at different studies and the story and know the answer; however, it is very difficult to put into words. Let's give it a try, it is important for the Receiver of Memory to have the capacity to see beyond because, in order to do this very difficult job the Receiver must be able to understand what he or she is feeling. From the text, we know that understanding feelings is not something that Community members are accustomed to; in fact, this is the very reason for having the Giver in the first place, to take all the bad memories that they can't handle away. Jonas and the Giver both possess the capacity to understand more than what is seen or understood by members of the Community. For example, the references to color and the inability to see the brightness and experience the happiness it brings demonstrates, on a small scale, the difference between the Receivers and the citizens. Without the ability to see beyond, the Receivers are no more gifted than the other citizens of the Community; I think seeing beyond is another way of saying that they understand the feelings, which is a mandatory part of the position. I'm not sure if this helped at all, but there it is.