In 1798 Wordsworth and Coleridge published their "Lyrical
Ballads" which heralded the Romantic Movement in English Literature. In his "Preface" to
the "Lyrical Ballads" Wordsworth has explained and elaborated his theory of 'Romantic'
poetry thus:
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"The principal object, then, proposed in these
Poems was to choose incidents and situations from common life, and to relate or describe
them, throughout, as far as was possible in a selection of language really used by men,
and, at the same time, to throw over them a certain colouring of imagination, whereby
ordinary things should be presented to the mind in an unusual aspect; and, further, and
above all, to make these incidents and situations interesting by tracing in them, truly
though not ostentatiously, the primary laws of our nature: chiefly, as far as regards
the manner in which we associate ideas in a state of
excitement."
These ideas can
be best explained with reference to his famously anthologized lyric "I Wandered Lonely
as a Cloud":
The daffodil is a common flowering plant found
growing abundantly in England. Once, Wordsworth and his sister came across a long belt
of these beautiflul plants in full bloom when they had gone out for a walk on 15th Aril
1802. Wordsworth later wrote this poem in 1804 and first published it in
1807.
Wordsworth in the same "Preface" to the "Lyrical
Ballads" later remarks that,
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"I have said that poetry is the spontaneous
overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in
tranquillity: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the
tranquillity gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the
subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the
mind."
Both these quotes
clearly reveal the poetic qualities inherent in "I Wander'd Lonely as a
Cloud."
1. The daffodil is a "common"
flower."
2. The laguage used in the poem is very simple,
there is nothing of 'poetic diction.'
3. However, the
simple language is used very creatively and imaginatively by Wordsworth to cast a
magical spell over the entire poem which makes the ordinary daffodills to appear very
extradoridnarly beautiful.
4. The poem describes very
vividly Wodsworth's spontaneous joy in seeing the daffodils, "A poet could not but be
gay/In such a jocund company."
5. The last stanza of the
poem, clearly reveals how "emotion recollected in tranquillity," regenerates the same
emotion he experienced when he first saw the daffaodils.
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