This first answer is not
correct. (I wrote this when the first answer said that the Whigs and
Democrats were the first parties. She seems to have changed it after I wrote
this.)
The Whig and Democratic Parties were not the first
parties. The first parties were the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists. These
parties started up right after George Washington stopped being
president.
The reason that they started up is because the
political leaders had found that they were divided along pretty consistent lines. In
other words, they found that they did not all agree, but that the all fit pretty well
into two camps.
The main differences were over the power of
the federal government (the D-Rs wanted a weak one), over what kind of economy they
wanted (the D-Rs wanted farming, the Federalists wanted manufacturing) and who they
liked in foreign policy (the D-Rs liked France and the Federalists liked
England).
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