The Pardoner in Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales
is honest to his immediate listeners (the other travelers), and dishonest and
hypocritical to his usual listeners (the people he usually preaches to when he makes his
money).
He tells the travelers that he always uses the same
tale that he tells them, to fool his usual gullible listeners so they will give him
offerings. That's how he earns his living. He is very straightforward with his
immediate audience. He does not hide his motives when speaking to the
travelers.
But, as he tells the travelers, when he uses the
story to preach he uses it to hammer home the point that greed is the root of all evil,
therefore they should give their money away--to him. He pretends to be a man of God and
to offer forgiveness of sins and salvation, but he really is just greedy himself, and is
out to make money. This makes him hypocritical.
Of
course, this irony makes "The Pardoner's Tale," as well as other writings in
The Canterbury Tales, the high quality that they are--or at least
the irony is one of the characteristics that does so. Without it, the story the
Pardoner tells would be just another church-related allegory.
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