The term gentleman is often used sarcastically or
satirically in David Copperfield. Sometimes it just refers to
anyone, but other times it refers to a specific social class. In chapter 25, Dickens
refers to “professional gentlemen” in Doctors’ Commons. These are individuals that
don’t do much but sit around and talk.
The first real
reference to the definition of gentleman is in chapter 3, when David is comparing his
orphanhood to Emily’s.
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'Besides,' said Em'ly, as she looked about for
shells and pebbles, 'your father was a gentleman and your mother is a lady; and my
father was a fisherman and my mother was a fisherman's daughter, and my uncle Dan is a
fisherman.'
She also
describes what treasures she would buy for her uncle if she were a “lady”. The
implication, for Emily at least, is that a lady has money and
standing.
The second exchange that relates to the
definition of gentleman is between Mr. Mell and Steerforth in chapter
7.
'I don't
give myself the trouble of thinking at all about you,' said Steerforth, coolly; 'so I'm
not mistaken, as it happens.''And when you make use of
your position of favouritism here, sir,' pursued Mr. Mell, with his lip tremblingvery
much, 'to insult a gentleman -''A what? - where is he?'
said Steerforth.
Steerforth
insults Mr. Mell, but saying that he is not a gentleman. Steerforth continuously
belittles Mr. Mell and eventually campaigns to get him fired. By implying that Mr. Mell
is not a gentleman, Steerforth brings him down below the level of the
students.
Uriah Heep further expounds on the concept of
gentleman, with characteristic false modesty:
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You think it justifiable, do you, Copperfield,
you who pride yourself so much on your honour and all the rest of it, to sneak about my
place, eaves-dropping with my clerk? If it had been ME, I shouldn't have wondered; for I
don't make myself out a gentleman (though I never was in the streets either, as you
were, according to Micawber), but being you!
–
Therefore,
while the definition of gentleman is mostly related to money, it can also relate to
character. A gentleman is not just someone who has money, but also someone who can be
trusted.
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