What are Kamikazes? How were they used in World War II?

The word Kamikaze means "Divine Wind" in Japanese, and
refers to several times in Japanese history where a wind protected them from invading
fleets of ships.  In World War II, there were more volunteers for these suicide missions
than there were planes.  Japanese soldiers operated according to the Code of Bushido,
where it was the highest honor to die for the Emperor, protecting the home islands.  To
surrender was not only dishonor, but dishonor for all of your
ancestors.

The Kamikazes first made an appearance in large
numbers during the Battle of Leyte Gulf where they were sent to stop the US invasion
fleet at the Philippines in 1944.  Hundreds were shot down or crashed into the sea, but
they did succeed in sinking 36 American ships, including an aircraft
carrier.

It was an act of desperation, and failed to do
anything to change the outcome of the war.