How is dramatic irony, solilquy and monologue, and symbolism used in drama?How is dramatic irony, soliloquy, monologue, and symbolism used in...

I am assuming you are directing the question specifically
at the play Romeo and Juliet since your tags have indicated this to
the reader.

Shakespeare uses an abundance of literary
devices in his plays in order to add richness to his language; some of the more common
literary devices are dramatic irony, soliloquy,monologue and
symbolism.

Firstly, dramatic irony occurs when a speech or
situation in the play has a deeper or opposite meaning to the meaning understood
by the characters in the play. For instance, in Act I, Scene 2, Peter, a servant to the
Capulet's, asks Romeo to read the letter/invitation for the Capulet masquerade. Although
the characters are unaware that they are part of rival families, the audience knows what
is happening during the interaction.

Second, a soliloquy is
a speech that is delivered by a character who is alone on stage. The words are expressed
out loud and normally reveal a lot of information about the character's feelings and
thoughts. For example, in Act III, Scene 2, Juliet delivers a soliloquy while she is in
the Capulet house eagerly waiting for the Nurse
to return.

A monologue is uninterrupted speech which is
delivered by a character to another character or the audience. For example, the
prologues in the play are delivered by the chorus. As well, the prologues may also be
delivered by Prince Escalus when the play is performed in front of a live
audience.

A symbol is an object, a character, or an event
that signifies one thing in the literal sense, but has meaning beyond the literal word.
For instance, at the beginning of the play, the servants from the Capulet and the
Montague households speak about "biting thumbs." This gesture has more meaning than the
action of biting a thumb. It is a rude gesture to bite one's thumb at someone
else.