What are the characteristics of Middle English language?What were the changes occurred? how?

If Middle English is what is employed in the text of the
St. James edition of the Bible, there were still conjugated endings on the verbs. It was
not until the advent of Modern English that conjugated endings were dropped for the most
part and helping verbs added in verb usage.  (He/she says still has
a conjugated ending of -s)

Nouns, however, were no longer
declined; that is, the endings of the nouns did not indicate their case/function in a
sentence as they did in Old English which imitates Latin in this respect.  These case
endings were lost because of the stress shift in Middle English.  The cases were as
follows:

• nominative   - indicating the subject
  of a sentence


• accusative    - indicating the direct
  object of a sentence


• genitive       - indicating
  possession


• dative          - indicating the indirect
  object


• instrumental - indicating an instrument used to
  achieve something  (e.g. lifede sweordre, meaning lived by the
  sword.  Since sword is the instrument it is the instrumental form of
  sweord)

Along with losing
conjugated endings, Middle English also dropped the Latin demand for gender agreement. 
Other interesting differences are in spelling:

• c
  before i or e became chi


• cw became
  qu


• sc became sh


• new
  symbols v and u were added


• k was used more
  (cyning became
  king)


• a historical h was added to words such
  as honor, heir, herb, habit


• the infinitive verb ending
  was dropped and "to" was placed before a verb to make an
  infinitive.


• adjectives lost agreement with nouns in
  gender and number


• loss of the final
  -n in possessive pronouns (e.g. min
  faeder to mi faeder) and the addition of an
  -n in words beginning with a vowel a napron, a
  nuncle which became an apron, an
  uncle)


• /z/ phoneme was borrowed from French as
  the voiced counterpart for /s/   e.g.
  these

Although the popularity of French was
decreasing after King John lost Normandy to the French in 1250 and after Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales was published as Middle English emerged, nearly
10,000 words were incorporated into the English language.