HE IS DEFICIENT ....................... COMMON SENSE.FILL IN WITH SUITABLE PREPOSITIONS.

In American English, at least, the only preposition that would really go in this blank would be "in."  So we would say "He is deficient in common sense," which means that he does not have enough common sense.

I do not know if, in British English, you could say that someone is deficient at common sense or deficient of common sense, but neither of these would sound correct in American English.

I cannot think of any other prepositions that would even make sense in this sentence.  "In" is clearly the preposition I would use to fill in this blank.