Can affirmative action policies cause harm to those that it is intended to favor? If so, how?

I believe that affirmative policies can and do sometimes
cause harm to those whom they are intended to favor.  Back in 2003, a white woman who
was denied admission to the University of Michigan sued the university
(Grutter v. Bolliger) because 

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". . . she investigated [her rejection] and found
out that African Americans and ethnic minorities who had lower overall admissions scores
were admitted. Grutter sued, saying she was a victim of illegal discrimination" (see
link below for source).

The
Supreme Court eventually ruled in favor of the University of Michigan but noted in its
ruling that the university's system of automatically awarding 20 admissions points to
"underrepresented minorities" was not in keeping with the intention of affirmative
action.

While the case above demonstrates how a white woman
believes she was hindered because of affirmative action, it also caused some minorities
to question their qualifications.  Were they accepted into a law program simply because
of their race, or were they as qualified as their classmates? Affirmative action can
take away one's sense of self-pride and accomplishment by causing self doubt.  For
example, I have afriend who teaches honors/AP English students at a very diverse high
school.  Several months ago when she was announcing scholarship information to her
students, she mentioned a scholarship for African-Americans which was connected to their
SAT scores.  One of her African-American students asked her why it was exclusive and
said that it made her feel like she wasn't smart enough to qualify for all the other
scholarships and that one had to be created just for her ethnicity.  When her classmates
began to think about what she had said, they, too, became angry--the minorities because
it seemed to imply that they were somehow inferior scholastically and the white students
because they felt discriminated against.