The text you cite has been attributed to Pastor Martin
Niemoller (1892–1984). Neimoller was a German minister who at first supported Hitler's
rise to power. Later, when Hitler declared that the state had greater authority than
the churches, Neimoller rebelled and became the leader of German clergymen who opposed
Hitler. In 1937, he was arrested and sent to a concentration
camp.
Neimoller is expressing the idea that it is not
acceptable to remain silent when other people are being
persecuted. His reasoning is very simple: eventually, you will be
the one who is persecuted, and then who will speak up for
you?
Niemoller mentions three groups who were persecuted by
the Nazis before they persecuted him:
a)
Communists;
b) Jews;
c) trade
unionists.
Part of Nazi ideology was opposition to
Communism. Under Communism, the government owns the "means of production," meaning all
important industries and businesses. The Nazis, by contrast, believed in the importance
of private ownership of the means of production. Under Nazi rule, many proponents of
Communism were persecuted, imprisoned, or killed.
The Nazi
persecution of Jews is well known and need not be explained again
here.
"Trade unionists" are workers who have organized
themselves into unions to protect their rights and to negotiate for better salaries and
working conditions. Although not all trade unionists are communists, the union movement
is often seen as being tinged with communism. Thus, the Nazi persecution of trade
unionists goes together with their persecution of Communists.
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