Pride and Prejudice is a comedy that
uses situational irony and Horatian satire to show the sexism and inequalities of social
conventions (mainly marriage) during the late-Romantic and pre-Victorian
era.
Most of the humor is Horatian satire, or parody.
Austen is poking fun at the obvious flaws in this stuffy, overly-stratified society.
Her satire is subtle, not Juvenalian like Swift's--she does not attack, and her targets
are not personal ad hominem
attacks.
Most of this satire in the novel is
situational and verbal irony. The former is derived from Mrs. Bennet's matchmaking
scenarios, and the latter comes from dialogue of Mr. Bennet, Elizabeth, and Darcy. As
such, these two forms achieve high comedy, a thoughtful laughter which originates from
her heroic eirons, those who are
self-deprecators.
The other form of humor found in the
novel is low comedy. This is physical comedy, mainly from Mrs. Bennet's hysteria. She
swoons between nervous breakdowns and excitement over any rich suitor. It's also found
in Mr. Collins' excessive bowing. As such, Austen uses low comedy when dealing
with alazons, those who think they are better than they really
are.
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