How do the sun, the moon, planets and other celestial bodies affect earth?

Among all the celestial bodies, the sun impacts the earth maximum. It provides the earth with large amount of heat and light energy. Relative motion of earth with respect to sun cause the daily cycle of day and night and annual cycle of seasons.

After sun, the celestial body having maximum impact on the earth is the Moon. It is quite small as compared to earth and other celestial body. But because of its nearness to earth it exerts major gravitational force on earth causing the cycle of high and low tides. Also though the moon is not luminous, provides some illumination to earth at nights by reflecting the sun rays falling on it. Because of the relative movements of moon, earth and the sun, and their position relative to each other, the amount of light reflected from it on to the earth varies in a cyclic manner. The moon also causes solar eclipses. The total effect of solar eclipses on the earth is not completely understood, it is established that it causes some radiations to that have subtle impact on plants and animals on earth.