When a patient has something as invasive as surgery, one's system can easily become upset. If someone has food in the stomach, the resulting nausea, etc. can cause the patient to aspirate this food, and be in danger.
The tube that is inserted into the patient's throat to provide aethestia and oxygen while asleep may cause the patient's gag reflex to react when it is removed. This regurgitation can cause damage to a patient's lungs, damage that is painful and serious as the aspirating of fluids and solids can cause pneumonia as well burning of the lungs from caustic stomach acid.
Of course, if the surgery involves the gastrointestinal system, having food in the stomach can certainly complicate the operation, leading to infection or cancellation of the surgery.
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