Comment on the use of repetition in "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner."

It is important to remember the form that this excellent
and unforgettable poem was written in. Coleridge wrote "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
as a literary ballad. The ballad form uses simple language, a good deal of repetition
and strong patterns of rhyme and rhythm. Thus it is no surprise that this poem itself
contains a number of examples of repetition.

To focus on
two however, in lines 20 and 40, we see the same phrase repeated: "The bright-eyed
Mariner." The brightness of the Mariner's eyes is something that is referred to again
and again at various stages throughout the poem, and here this repetition focuses on the
strange appearance of the Mariner whilst also reminding us about the form of the
poem.

Secondly, in the second section of the poem, there is
another good example of how repetition is used for
effect:

Day
after day, day after day,

We stuck, nor breath nor
motion;

As idle as a painted
ship

Upon a painted
ocean.

Note here how the
repetition in these lines reinforces the meaning. The repetition of "day" and "painted"
suggests the helpless, trapped feeling the sailors experience when the ship is becalmed
and they are unable to move it in any direction at all and are effectively
helpless.

What are the various emotions the mother must feel after her daughter's death that cause her inner conflict?

What a horrible day this turns out to be for a loving mother who wants nothing more than to protect her daughter.

Her daughter, rather than just playing with her friends, asks her mother if she can join other children and march the streets of Birmingham "to make our country free."  What a fine thing, yet this mother knows what her daughter does not--that civil rights marches had the potential for trouble.  Specifically, she was afraid of fierce dogs "and clubs and hoses, guns and jails."  She knew these things "aren't good for a little child."

Instead, the mother suggests her daughter go to church and sing in the choir.  She carefully dresses her for the journey, unknowingly preparing her for burial:

"She has combed and brushed her night-dark hair,
And bathed rose petal sweet,
And drawn white gloves on her small brown hands,
And white shoes on her feet."

This is how the young girl will always be remembered, as she does not return from church alive.  This is a tragic example of situational irony: what she thinks will be safe is not, and what she fears will be harmful would have been safe.

Her feelings afterward would necessarily have been complex.  She would have felt guilt as well as grief.  Undoubtedly she would also have been angry at a lot of things--herself, prejudice, an unknown bomber, society. Perhaps she would find motivation in her loss and march fearlessly for civil rights, as her daughter was prepared to do. 

As she frantically tears through the rubble and discovers that one white shoe, her heart would be breaking for both herself and her daughter.

What does 'we will laugh at gilded butterflies' mean?

Good question. It's a passage that puzzles a lot of readers. Here it is:

LEAR
We two alone will sing like birds i' the cage:
When thou dost ask me blessing, I'll kneel down,
And ask of thee forgiveness: so we'll live,
And pray, and sing, and tell old tales, and laugh
At gilded butterflies, and hear poor rogues
Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too,
Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out;
And take upon's the mystery of things,
As if we were God's spies...
(Act V, Scene 3)

First, some context. Cordelia's army has lost the war, and the mad old king has been reunited with his daughter. She is now being led away to prison - as is King Lear - but Lear, by this late stage in the play, has realised that his other daughters, Regan and Goneril, have deceived him and lied to him. He 'sees better' (to quote another line in the play) than he did at the start. He's realised that Cordelia is good, honest and true.

This is why this speech is so moving. Even when Lear is being taken away to prison, he says that he and Cordelia will sing like caged birds - not be like men behind bars, but happy, singing birds. He'll bless her (meaning to approve of her and wish her well) and ask her to forgive him (presumably for the mistakes he's made so far in the play!).

In this way, ('so'), Lear says, they will live - and 'tell old tales' and 'pray' and 'sing'. It's a vision of a simple, happy life reunited with his favourite daughter (and let's face it, she was always his favourite).

So now we come to the gilded butterflies. There are two possible readings. One is really simple: along with the other list of happy things the two will do together, they'll laugh at butterflies when they fly past. 'Gilded' can just mean 'golden' - a reference to the pretty colours of the butterflies' wings.

The other reading is more in line with the next bit of the speech:

...and laugh
At gilded butterflies, and hear poor rogues
Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too,
Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out.

This interpretation imagines that the gilded butterflies are the well-dressed, glitzy, dressed up people flitting around at the court. Lear thinks that he and Cordelia will laugh at the pretensions of people who think court life - in the royal palace - is important, and who dress to impress. They'll also listen to the poor fools (or 'rogues', to use Lear's word) talk about who has the king's favour and who doesn't.

What Lear has realised, though, is that the wealth and the finery of court dress and of 'important life' is unimportant - what really matters are the simple things. It's a sad moment of realisation which has cost Lear a lot to achieve.

What is a critical analysis of Epithalamion by Edmund Spenser, including background information and summary?

Critics say Epithalamion is Spenser's
masterpiece, recalling the greatness of The Faerie Queene, and the
greatest poem in the English language. In it, Spenser creates a complex celebration of
life and living. Its form, as explained by href="http://faculty.goucher.edu/eng211/Spenser.html">Arnold Sanders, Goucher
College,  is the genre of wedding song originated in Latin, e.g., Catullus,
sung by a choir accompanying the bride and groom to the groom's home.  It comprises 23
stanzas of 18 lines and varying rhyme schemes, with a final envoy. Each stanza, shown by
A. Kent Hieatt, corresponds to the hours of Midsummer's Day.
Each stanza has
a refrain, 6 of which, John B.
Lord states, repeat one version or another, resulting in 17 variations to the
refrain during which the "echo" rings from morning to night and to silence. There are
365 long lines and 68 short lines. The long lines correspond to the days of a year
(365). The short lines correspond to the number of weeks in a year (52), added to the
number of months in a year (12), added to the number of seasons in a year ( 4): 52 + 12
+ 4 = 68. This complex calendar (perhaps inspired by his earlier The
Shepherd's Calendar (1579)) represents a thematic
element.
Prominent literary devices Spenser uses are allusion and conventional
motif. Following an allusion tradition begun by Chaucer in English vernacular poems,
Spenser combines classical Pagan allusions ("And thou great Juno, which with awful
might...") with Christian sentiment ("Of blessed Saints for to increase the count").
Conventional motif use occurs, described by Arnold Sanders, in the envoy (427-433),
which modifies the French "devouring time" motif: Spenser writes, "...short time an
endlesse moniment." Shakespeare later employs and develops the "devouring time" motif
(Sonnet 18).
Of the themes in Epithalamion, one connects
with its calendrical structure. Thematically, the 365 long lines (days) represent our
daily experience of life and living. The 68 short lines (weeks, month, seasons),
represent our organizational and cyclical experience of life and living: We accomplish
by weeks; we measure and designate by months and years; we grow and wane, fortunes and
happinesses rise and fall, with the seasons of the year and of our
lives.
Written as the culmination of Amoretti,
Epithalamion celebrates the marriage on June 11, 1594 of Spenser to
his second wife Elizabeth Boyle, daughter of James Boyle, relation of Earl of Cork,
Richard Boyle. Amoretti chronicles their courtship, her
disinterestedness (eventually won over) a rupture and a reunion and engagement.
Epithalamion is the resolution of the tale begun in
Amoretti. The first three books of The Faerie
Queene had just been published when he met Elizabeth. Amoretti
and Epithalamion cover the time from early 1591 to 1594;
both were published in 1595.
The major structure gives the summary.
Spenser/the speaker is alone before the wedding and feast, which he anticipates. He
summons to the wedding and feast the muses and all the guests from divinity to friends
to neighbors. The bride comes with her wedding train; the wedding is made; and the feast
begins. The groom encourages loud and joyful merriment until the time is past, then he
bids them leave. They slowly leave bringing a transition from public life to private
lives as the bride and groom are now alone. He then welcomes Night, the Moon, and
Silence, bidding that they cover the couple with the dark, safe and comfortable. The
envoy proclaims that she will be remembered eternally in his
poetry.

Please answer the following question in reference to "A Few Kind Words for Superstition":The essay opens with the author asserting that society is...

In his essay "A Few Kind Words for Superstition" Robertson
Davies not only asserts that the society is currently in middle of renaissance of the
irrational but he also gives many examples many widespread popularity of irrational
beliefs and superstitious practices. Some of these things pointed out by him are the
widespread interest and beliefs of people in objects, practices, and subjects such as
parapsychology, UFOs, miracle cures, transcendental meditation and paths to instant
enlightenment.

For more details of the essay by Davies see
the website referred below.

How does “Newspeak” help the party maintain control in 1984?part 1

Newspeak is a way of deconstructing the language to a point that no original thought is needed to express your elements of conversation.  Instead of "amazing", "incredible", and "scintillating" a Newspeak speaker would use the word "Doubleplusgood" to indicate that something was an exemplified form of "good". 

Getting rid of original thought--no books, no debates, no free thought--makes it easy to move into brainwashing and mind control of masses of people.

This is one reason why in governments who attempt to squash Democracy, the first thing the controlling party does is get rid of the teachers and free-thinkers since these are the people who are able to motivate others to stand up for themselves and for what is right.

How is Milton's so-called "grand style" significant in Paradise Lost?

The so-called “grand” or lofty style of Milton’s Paradise Lost is significant to the poem in numerous ways, chiefly because it struck Milton as by far the style most appropriate to the lofty subject matter he had chosen for his poem. Rather than choosing a “low” (that is, a common or colloquial) style or the kind of “middle” style used in much conventional poetry, Milton chose an elevated style because it seemed the only style that could do justice to the important matters he meant to discuss and depict.

Several elements of Milton’s “grand style” might be listed as follows:

• a tendency to use long and complex sentences


• a tendency to employ learned allusions, especially to the Bible and to the Greek and Roman classics


• a relative absence of obvious humor, especially any crude humor


• a tendency to choose unusual words in place of simple, common words


• a tendency to construct sentences in ways that resemble sentence structures often found in Latin


• a general (but not total) tendency to avoid crudeness of any kind, especially sexual crudity


• a tendency to display the learning of the poet and to expect similar learning in the poem’s readers

Many aspects of this “grand style” that illustrate its significance can be seen at the very beginning of Book 3, when Milton invokes divine inspiration by addressing a hymn to “holy Light” (1). Here Light is personified, so that it seems more than a mere physical fact but instead seems something living, even divine, and thus deserving of the dignity of the so-called “grand style.” Another example of the “grand style” in this passage appears in line 6, when Milton uses numerous words of Latin origin to describe Light as a “Bright effluence of bright essence increate” (6). This is not simple, plain, unadorned, Anglo-Saxon phrasing; rather, it is the kind of lofty phrasing Milton considered appropriate to his highly important topics. Milton can write very simple English, as when he refers to “The rising world of waters dark and deep” (3.11), but even here there is a touch of Latin sentence structure, since the adjectives follow the noun rather than preceding it.

A different kind of writer, with different purposes, would have written, “The Almighty power hurled him . . . .” Milton, however, makes his phrasing sound like a grand or elevated kind of English by using this kind of “Latinate” sentence structure.

A tendency to make learned allusions, as in the reference to “th’Aonian mount” in line 15.  Instead of referring openly to “Helicon,” a name with which many more readers would have been familiar, Milton chooses to refer to “th’ Aonian mount,” partly to display his own learning, partly to test, challenge, and stimulate the learning of his readers, and partly to make the phrasing unusual or above the ordinary.

For more on this topic, see Christopher Ricks, Milton’s Grand Style (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963).

Prove that sec^2 x + cosec^2 x = (sec^2 x)*(cosec*2 x)

We need to prove that:

sec^2 x +csec^2 x = (sec^2 x)(csec^2 x)

Let us start with the left side:

We know that secx= 1/cosx   and csec x = 1/sinx

==> sec^2 x+ cosec^2 x= 1/cos^2 x + 1/sin^2 x

= (sen^2 x + cos^2 x)/(sin^2 x)(cos^2 x)

Now we know that sin^2 x + cos^2 x= 1

==> 1/(sin^2 x)(cos^2 x)= (1/sin^2 x)(1/cos^2 x)

= (sec^2 x)*(csec^2 x)  

How does someone prove that their ex accepted a position in which he is over-qualified and under paid?Recently ended a divorce trial waiting for...

My sincerest condolences for your current position.  You didn't mention whether or not your had an attorney yet, or how far the divorce had proceeded at this point. Divorce laws are tricky from state to state, and vary greatly especially in terms of the division of property.  So there is no one size fits all answer we can give you here, and even if you have to borrow from friends or family to retain a good attorney, it may be worth your while to do so.

With as much as your ex made in income over the years, there is a good chance he is hiding some of it in other accounts or assets.  Your attorney can often help you to identify them, as you have a right to know exactly what he owns before any divorce settlement is finalized, and it will affect the final division of property and spousal/child support.

If you were married for more than a few years, you are entitled to a portion of his retirement account, so you may look into your options there.

If your husband gets spousal support lowered as he takes on this low paying job, if he were ever to take a higher paying one (say, right after support is lowered) then you could come right back to court and ask for more.  You could also have drawn into the settlement an automatic raise in support should his income/job situation stabilize.

Please do consult an attorney. I wish you and your son all the best.

Why does Scout say, "It was not until many years later that i realized he wanted me to hear every word he said"?The quote is the last line of...

Scout is referring to the incident when her father, Atticus, and her uncle are discussing how difficult it's going to be for Scout and Jem during the trial of Tom Robinson. Atticus wants Scout to hear what he is saying because he hopes it will make a deeper impression upon her than if he just told her not to have a fight every time someone says something against Atticus. He knows many of the people in the town are prejudiced, and he wants Scout to understand how mean and cruel people can be. Scout thinks she's hearing her father pour out his heart to her uncle, so his "message" seems more sincere to her. It would be more difficult for Atticus to express his concerns directly to her. This way, she knows how he feels, and she wants to respect her father's wishes even more. If he tells her not to fight everyone who says something, Scout will probably not take it to heart the way she does by overhearing Atticus. By listening to Atticus talk about it, she feels she's in on a secret, and she doesn't want to upset or disappoint her father by her actions.

Find the equation of the line through the point (6 , -1) and is perpendicular to the y axis.

Let's put the problem in this way: if the line is perpendicular to y-axis, then it is parallel to x-axis.

The slopes of 2 parallel lines are equal:

m1=m2

But the slope of the x-axis is m1=0, so m2=0, also.

Now, let's write the equation of a line which passes through a given point A(6 , -1) and it has a known slope, m2=0:

y - yA = m2(x - xA) 

y - (-1) = 0*(x - 6)

y + 1 = 0

y = -1

The equation of the line which is perpendicular to y-axis is:

y = -1

What is the main idea of the poem "Little Feet" by Gabriela Mistral?

"Little Feet" was written by a Chilean author who writes under the pseudonym Gabriela Mistral. She began to publish her works in the early 1900s. The themes of her poems are most often love, death, betrayal, sadness and loss. 

Mistral worked as an educator and took up the cause of mistreated children and education as a Director of Primary Education for the Chilean government. During travels to Europe and her native country of Chile, she noticed the mistreatment and neglect of children. 

In the poem "Little Feet", the main idea is that the society allows children to walk around neglected and hurting from a lack of basic resources such as shoes so that their little feet do not hurt. Further, she writes that often people ignore the children or just look the other way so they do not have to see that they hurt from the lack of basic resources. 

Children’s little feet, jewels of suffering,

how can those who pass you not see!

What is the hepatic portal system?

The hepatic portal system is the route blood takes through the liver. Organs of the gut (abdominal cavity) like the stomach, pancreas, and spleen send blood to the liver for detoxification. Other organs empty blood into the inferior vena cava which delivers blood into the right atrium of the heart. When this blood leaves the liver, it re-enters the venous circulation. In addition, glucose in the hepatic portal circulation is removed from the blood and stored as glycogen in the liver. Glycogen acts as a reserve energy source.

This process is extremely important because of the detoxifying action of the hepatic tissue. We unknowingly ingest many toxins that would otherwise do use great harm if not detoxed by the liver.

What details about Framton does the writer give readers in the second and third paragraph?"Open Window" by Saki

The first, second and third paragraphs of "The Open Window" by Saki comprise the exposition to this delightful story.  Framton Nuttel is a man sent to the countryside by his sister, accompanied with letters of introduction.  There he is to get some much needed rest and fresh air as "a nerve cure."  Confronted upon his arrival at the home of strangers by a "very self-possessed young lady of fifteen," Nuttel is rather ill at ease as he tries to "duly flatter" her without "unduly discounting the aunt that was to come."  He wonders how Mrs. Stappleton will be, hoping that she will be nice.  Clearly, Framton Nuttel is a nervous and rather insecure man.

As well as the physical description, thoughts, and words of personages in narratives, the names of these characters often figure into their characterization.  In Saki's story, the name Framton Nuttel certainly suggests the nervous and fragile disposition of the main character. 

What aspects of Vicorian life are depicted in Tess of the d'Urbervilles?I have an exam of British Literature on Saturday; I'll be grateful for any...

In Thomas Hardy's poignant narrative of Tess of the D'Ubervilles, the plight of the repressed woman in Victorian Times is clearly evident.  Women were expected to be frail and virtuous--Tess is neither.  With the strict code of high morality set for women, Victorian critics were incensed by Hardy's subtitle of A Pure Woman as it challenged this prevalent attitude.

The plight of Tess is also connected to the influence of the writings of Charles Darwin, writings that shook belief in all religion and the British social belief that they were the pinnacle of culture in their high-mindedness and refinement.

This attitude of superiority in Victorian society does, however, coincide with an outcome of Darwin's theory of survival of the fittest called Social Darwinism.  Angel Clare expresses this concept when he expresses surprise that there are no "Hodges" at the Talbothay's Dairy--"Hodges" as a epithet for the conventional farm-folks, portrayed as "dummies."  In fact, he surprised to find to find in Tess "the ache of modernism."  That he so easily rejects Tess when she reveals her past is testimony to his attitude of social superiority.

For Tess and Angel, the God of their forefathers is no longer to answer their questions about life.  Instead, under the influence of his era which Darwin profoundly affected, Hardy presents in his novel the primal force called Imminent Will which determines all things (and not well).  Despite her innocence and her integrity, Tess is but a victim of this Imminent Will.  Yet, this pessimism of Hardy contains a nostalgia for the old faith.  In Tenebris, he wrote,

If way to the Better there be, it exacts a full look at the worst....Only when the fact and the character of social evils are recognized (and optimistic illusions stripped off) can we hope to study scientifically, and therefore partly control, their causes.  And only when the fact of suffering and felt with pity can we hope to lessen the pain of existence by greater loving kindness.

(This philosophy rings of that of another famous Victorian, Charles Dickens.)

Another aspect of Victorian life depicted in Hardy's novel is that of the Industrial Revolution.  With railroads being built in the southwest region of England where Tess lives, an isolated, almost medieval society became distantly connected to urbanization.  For one thing, the railroad made it possible for the country folk to leave their areas in search of work.  The Talbothay Dairy exists because of the railroad that transports its milk to London where "strange people we have never seen," as Tess remarks, will drink it.  In contrast to the opportunities as a result of industrialization, the thrashing machine eliminated many jobs for the farm workers; less profitable small farms were bought by large farm owners and workers became disconnected to the land that had once belonged to families for generations.  This plight of the land less and house less poor is depicted with the Duberyfields.

What does it mean to be a rational or an irrational being, and what is an example of a rational and an irrational being?I want to know what...

The word rational is derived from the Latin word ration. It entered Old French as reisun or reson, then entered Middle English as resoun or reisun. This tells us that the English word rational is directly tied to the concept of reason as in reasoning powers, cognitive powers, sanity, logic, logical thinking. Therefore, a rational being is one who is capable of logical thought with the ability to reason toward sound conclusions based on facts and evidence, draw inferences from situations and circumstances, make sound well-reasoned judgements based on factual information. Humans--at their best--are rational beings who are unfortunately given to moments of irrationality during which decisions, actions, judgements, conclusions and inferences are based on emotion, persuasion, pressure, physicality, anything other than sound reason.

When the Latin prefix ir- is added to the word rational, the word takes on a negative force since ir- is a variation of the negating third usage of the Latin prefix in-. So an irrational being is one who does not posses--or utilize--the faculties of cognitive, logical, inductive and deductive thought that can be used to draw inferences and conclusions or make judgements. Animals are often said to be irrational as compared to humans (although the latest cat and dog research has modified this concept somewhat). Someone who is behaving without using their rational, reasoning mental faculties and powers (e.g., hyper-emotionally) is said to be behaving irrationally. Some psychological conditions such as paranoia render individuals irrational to varying degrees.

[These definitions and the etymology are drawn from Random House Dictionary as presented on Dictionary.com.]

What does Act 5 tell us about the ways in which Romeo has changed in Romeo and Juliet?Think about when we first met him in Act 1.

Idk if this is the right answer but here it
is..

Rome is more mature in act five than he is in act one.
He has pretty much lived through an entire man's life in a matter of a few days. He
falls in love, he has killed, he gets married, and he fulfills his manly duties to
Juliet the night after their marriage. At one point, when he is outside of the
mausoleum, he calls Paris a youth. We know that Paris is considerably older than Romeo
but he can call Paris a youth because he has been through so much more in his life than
Paris has.

Hope this helps

Is democracy the ideal form of government and the best hope the international relations system has for finally achieving inter-state peace?In his...

I think that Fukuyama's claim is a powerful one.  He, indeed, might be right in that liberal democracy might be the "only game in town."  I think that there might have to be some qualifications here.  The first would be the terms in which Fukuyama speaks.  On one hand, his "ideaological evolution" and "universalization" helps to bring to light the idea that it seems that all nations will be embracing the concept of liberal democracy.  What happens to this thesis if a nation holds out?  Do we simply write off the Chavezs of the world and the Ahmedinajads as aberrations?  If something is universal, then there is no question of it.  How, then, do we reconcile the few nations who "missed the boat on liberal democracy" with the thesis?  I think that the second issue here is how one feels about the rise of fundamentalism.  Fukuyama claims that fundamentalism, such as the teachings of those who distort Islam into its fundamentalist perceptions, are isolated practices that will not reach outside of "the heartlands."  I think that if one believes the claim that these forces, "can only go so far," then that is one thing.  It is obvious that the United States, the supposed leader in liberal democracy, does not believe this because it is marshaling all of its resources into fighting these forces.  It is evident that it believes them to be credible.  This would mean that there is some credence that "liberal democracy" has not been universally recognized as the final stage of governmental evolution because it still has forces out there that seek to destabilize it.  The Bin Ladens of the world are actively teaching that the pain of modern life cannot be cured by deregulation or liberal democracy.  Simply put, Barber's paradigm of "McWorld" vs. "Jihad" might be present here.  It seems that if one sees this force of fundamentalism as strong, then there might be some questioning to Fukuyama's thesis.  If not, then there has to be some reconciling with why the leaders of liberal democracy see these forces as credible.

What are the cause of high level of protein in aspirated fluid and what is the treatment for it?it is a knee joint aspirated fluid. the protein...

You have protein in your synovial fluid drained from the knee because the synovial membrane is inflammed. Plasma proteins from the blood diffuse into the knee joint in response to inflammation. This inflammation could be from trauma or it could be from osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Some intraarticular cells release these proteins at an advanced rate when traumatized. The microvascular permeability of the articulation is increased.

Normally, the lymphatic system takes up excess proteins and returns them to the venous circulation. When the joint is inflammed, the lymphatic system can't uptake the protein fast enough, so you have a high concentration of these plasma proteins in the synovial fluid. Your level of 5.2 is about 4 times the normal.

PLEASE explain this interesting paragraph ?Recession tourism Recession tourism is a travel trend, which evolved by way of the world economic...

This paragraph is describing the notion of recession tourism.  Essentially, what it is articulating is that during a recession and times of financial difficulty, tourism is one of the first areas to suffer.  It makes sense in that people see tourism and vacationing as a "luxury," and one that cannot be indulged during a time of economic challenge.  Yet, over time, individuals have to balance the fact that recessions and economic downturns are not going to resolve themselves overnight.  Like all difficult and challenging elements in consciousness, the longer it persists, the greater the chance one becomes more accustomed to its presence.  The initial shock and apprehension that was present in the early stages of the economic recession has given way to an understanding that either things are not as bad as intially experienced or that individuals are becoming more used to the idea of economic challenges being present.  In the end, these individuals learn how to balance the economic demands of frugality with the luxury indulgence of travel and vacationing.  The child of this merger is the notion of "recession tourism," where there is vacationing, but on a smaller and more cost effective scale.  Landau points to his own native Panama as one such location where "recession tourism" makes sense.  The generic and scenic nature of Panama  as well how far the dollar goes in terms of value makes it a "recession tourist" locale because people can still receive the effect of vacationing and tourism without the economic challenge in a time defined by economic hardship.

In "Rappaccini's Daughter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne, what is the story saying about the ethics of scientific research?

Dr. Rappacini is not unlike Hawthorne's character of Roger Chillingworth of The Scarlet Letter, also sickly and sallow looking, and a man who seeks to possess the soul of another:  "He will be mine," he tells Hester Prynne when he first comes to see her in prison. Like Claude Frollo of Victor Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris (Americans call it The Hunchback of Notre Dame)--another work from the Romantic Period--who is likened to the fly caught in a web as he delves deeper and deeper into alchemy, both Rappaccini and Chillingworth cross through into a world that diminshes their humanity as they become obsessed with their science and are caught in its web.

As an allegory, "Rapaccini's Daughter" has characters who act as symbols of a type of people, with events that are extended metaphors for abstract ideas.  Thus, as an allegory, Hawthorne's story definitely has a moral tone, much like other narratives of Nathaniel Hawthorne.  Throughout this story, for instance, the allusion to the Garden of Eden is made.  That Beatrice is alluring sexually and represents for Giovanni an Eve as a temptress is apparent; however, she is not evil.  Rather, she is a victim of her father's immoral experiment, just as Giovanni falls victim, as well.  The dark, sickly Dr. Rappicini acts counter to humanity in his scientific altering of his daughter, which has taken from her certain human qualities.  Not unlike Victor Frankenstein, Rappicini overreaches his bounds in his experiments in science.   There is something unnatural is what he has done, just as it is wrong for Frankenstein to have created his creature.

Much concerned with the moral aspect of things, Hawthorne, as a Romantic writer and the descendent of Puritans, includes much that is moral in his works.  In "Rapaccini's Daughter," Dr. Rappaccini represents the evil experimenter absorbed in his science to the detriment of his family.  He furthers the theme of Science vs. Nature, a issue of paramount importance in the discourse of nineteenth-century Romanticism  that questioned the problems arising from technology.  It is, then, not presumptuous for people to view this story as one that carries a moral.

Since Hawthorne is a writer from the Romantic Period any discussion of his allegory must include the morality of Dr. Rappaccini's experimental treatment of his own daughter,stepping out of the bounds of what is man's realm. That Rappacini loses her because of  his rival, Dr. Baglioni, is clearly an indictment against science and those who would assume roles that are best left to the Creator.

How to use natural remedies to treat stomach ulcers?

First, let's clarify what does it mean stomach ulcer. Gastric and duodenal ulcer is a major medical problem. Both cause pain and digestive disorders in 10% of people, in certain periods of their lives, and after some severe complications, such as bleeding, may be the cause of premature death.

The treatment is of long duration and is mandatory accompanied by a strict diet. If an untreated ulcer slowly erodes the wall of a blood vessel lining, the result is internal bleeding. Vessel is bleeding inside the stomach, and the first sign is rapid fatigue and dizziness, fainting, the feeling of abdominal fullness, followed by haematemesis (vomiting blood) or melena (blood elimination with faeces). Perforation is less common than bleeding complication, its severity is at least equal if not greater, than the bleeding. A perforated ulcer  requires close care, otherwise death can occur within 48 hours.

Natural remedies used for ulcer's treatment:

* 5 days cure with non acidic fruit juices, milk, vegetables (cabbage, potato, carrot, red beet, cucumber, spinach), every day eat 4-5 raw egg whites, made foam (without sugar), broken into 3-4 meals.

* The cure of juices and raw vegetables is held 1-2 months without eating onion, garlic, peppers (acute phase).

* 3 x 1 tablespoon lime coal per day.

* Cure of aloe preparation.

* Green barley juice, 3 x 50 ml. per day.

* Pollen, 2 x 2 tbsp, before meals (morning, noon).

* Internal cure with clay.

* A bath of sunlight per day.

* In case of haematemesis (vomiting blood) will practice bed rest, ice on the abdomen, remove the solid food, drink cold liquids with small sip rare (water with ice cubes, tea hemostatic).

* Gradually, after stopping bleeding, drink milk, eat fresh cheese, yogurt, raw egg white foam, mashed cereal.

* Practice exercise, first slowly, with easy movements, simple exercises, stair climbing, walking, dancing, yoga breathing techniques.

* Acupuncture, aromatherapy, herbal medicine, homeopathy, hypnotherapy, meditation, reflexology, shiatsu.

* Medical supervision

Critically analyse the process of negation in the English Language.

English language clauses are negated at the word level
through the inclusion of a negating adverb. Negation is the process
of denying something or claiming it is incorrect or not true. Negation varies according
to the href="http://www.whitesmoke.com/negative-sentences">requirements of the
verb tense being negated as in, for example, the difference
between negating the Present Simple tense (I see that.
Neg: I do not see that.) and the
Past Perfect Progressive tense (I had been there.
Neg: I had not been there.) and the
Future Perfect tense (I will have tickets.
Neg: I will not have [won't have]
tickets).

To negate a clause in English, it is the
verb that carries the negation. Some various means of standard
negation are permissible.

1. (1) A pronoun can be
   substituted by the negator no: e.g., I
   called your phone. Neg: I called no
   phone.


2. (2) Use not or the
   contracted form n't after auxiliaries (be, do,
   have) and modals (can, may, might, would, will, ought,
   etc.): e.g., I was calling you.
   Neg: I will not [won't] call you. I
   might call you. Neg: I might not
   [mightn't] call you.


3. (3) Contract the Subject and
   auxiliary and add no: e.g., I have
   tickets. Neg: I've no tickets.
   


4. (4) Add never before the Verb:
   e.g., I heard the song.
   Neg: I never heard the song.
   


5. (5) Eliminate or contract any auxiliary and add
   never to the Verb: e.g., I have head
   the song. Neg: I
   never heard the song. Or, I've never heard the song.
   

Some English dialects and other language
dialects use double negation and cumulative negation that is not present in Standard
English. For example, Afrikaans has "Nie moet rook nie," which is directly translated
"No must smoke not," assigning negation to the assumed Subject "you" and to the Verb
"smoke." This is not present in Standardized English, although it was present before the
London dialect became prestigious by Shakespeare's time and then later standardized.
Chaucer's Middle English is an example of a pre-standardization English dialect that
used double negation. Cumulative negation is a collection of three or more negators that
make a statement emphatic.

My granddaughter is doing a book report on The Miracle Worker, & needs to pass out a food associated with the book. Any ideas?

Easy. Tell your granddaughter to bring in a pitcher. Any
pitcher will do, but a clear pitcher, glass or plastic, would probably be most
appropriate. Tell your granddaughter to fill the pitcher with water and to pass the
filled pitcher around he class. Tell her to ask the students what was in the pitcher. Of
course they wall all say, "Water."

Then tell her to explain
to the class that saying water, or wah wah, is the Miracle from which the play,
The Miracle Worker gets its name. For it is when Annie Sullivan and
Helen are outside re-filling a pitcher of water at the pump that Helen first makes the
vital connection between what is being spelled by Annie in her hand and the real
substance of the cold, wet water she feels. It is then that Helen learns to communicate:
to understand what is being told to her and how to tell others what she thinks in her
sightless, silent world.

Technically, water is not exactly
a food, but, for demonstration purposes, it will suffice... and may well earn your
granddaughter an A.

What is the significant importance of Piggy's glasses with regard to civilization?Lord of the Flies by William Golding Please answer with...

To underscore the point of Piggy's glasses representing intelligence, his glasses, which make him seem more adult along with his paunchy body and thinning hair, come to represent the ability of which a more adult intelligence is capable--namely reason.  Thus, the breaking of the glasses, as symbolic of reason and rationality, represents the breakdown of civilized behavior in the boys.  When the glasses are stolen, all rationality is taken away and anarchy with Jack and the sadistic Roger gains control: 

The chief [Jack] led then, trotting steadily, exulting in his achievement. He was chief now in truth; and he made stabbing motion with his spear.  From his left hand dangled Piggy's broken glasses. (Chapter Ten)

After the theft and gaining of the power to make fire, reason is blinded:  "They've blinded me," says Piggy, who tells Ralph that he is going to go to Jack with the conch, "the talisman" of civilization and order, and hold it before him, asking to the return of his glasses:

Look, I'm goin' to say, you're stronger than I am and ....you can see...with both eyes.  But I don't ask for my glasses back, not as a favor.  I don't ask you to be a sport, I'll say, not because you're strong, but beacause what's right's right.  Give me my glasses, I'm going to say--you got to." (Chapter Eleven)

What is an antigen in blood typing? no

Blood typing is done before a person gets a blood transfusion. Blood typing is also commonly done before surgeries and pregnant women always have their blood typed as well. Blood is typed by antigens that are present on the surface of the blood cells. Blood group antigens are ABO and there are also Rh antigens.

The ABO test tells what blood type you are. These types are A, B, AB, or O. If you have type A blood, it means that you have the type A antigen. If you have type B blood, it means you have the type B antigen. If you have type AB, it means that you have both A and B antigens. If you have type O blood, it means you do not have the A or B antigen.

The Rh antigen may or may not be present on the blood cells. If the antigen is present you are considered to be Rh positive. If it is not present you are considered to be Rh negative.

Here is an example: Say your blood has been typed and the A antigen is present. In addition, you have the Rh antigen. This means that your blood type is A positive.

Provide disease imagery and quotes for the play Macbeth.

That is an interesting question! Shakespeare actually uses the idea of disease throughout the play, I would assume as a metaphor for the corruption that has crept into Scotland in the form of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth on the throne.

Lady Macbeth talks of life as a "fitful fever" in Act III, scene ii; she also tells Macbeth he is "infirm of purpose" in Act II, scene ii, indicating that he is sick with regards to being able to follow through on their plans. And in Act V, scene iii, Macbeth has a conversation with the doctor concerning whether or not a memory that is torturing someone can be plucked from their mind, thus curing the patient. The doctor replies, however, that the "patient must minister himself" - he (or she) has to repent to cure himself as that is not something a doctor can treat the way he would the body.

Check the links below for these quotes, and also check the other quotes from at shakespeare-quotes (on e-Notes) for more possibilities.  Good luck!

What is the climax and resolution of Paul Fleischman's book, "Whirligig"?

The construction of this novel is especially interesting because the climax, which usually comes closer to the end of the book, actually occurs about a third of the way through, in Chapter 3, when Brent meets the mother of the girl he killed face-to-face. In this courtroom encounter, Mrs. Zamora gives him a bus pass and requests that he place a whirligig at each of the four corners of the country in memory of her daughter, and as a form of restitution for her death. This opens the door to the resolution of the story, which is Brent's journey of self-discovery. Through his experiences while traveling to complete his mission, Brent begins to resolve his feelings of isolation and disconnectedness with others and the world, and finds a sense of his own self-worth.

What are the branches of the civil rights movement, the changes in the movement and the reactions to the movement?U.S history work

The most obvious "branches" of the movement to me are the
Black Power part of the movement and Martin Luther King, Jr.'s part of the movement. 
King's included blacks and whites and emphasized nonviolence.  The Black Power movement
was more assertive and said blacks didn't need whites.

The
movement had more of a King-type emphasis at first.  But then, as true equality didn't
come, there came to be more of the Black Power
stuff.

Whites reacted much better to King's part of the
movement, especially when it was asking for basic rights.  They were much less
sympathetic to the Black Power part of the movement and the parts of the movement that
wanted things like more economic equality.

Describe and explain how the human kidney is involved in excretion and how it regulates the concentration in blood?

Kidney is an organ in body of human beings and all other vertebrate animals that perform many vital functions including the production of urine.  Urine is the fluid carries various waste materials out of the body.

Human kidneys consist of three layers.  These layers are the cortex on the outside of the organ, the medulla, and the pelvis.  Blood flows into the medulla through the renal artery.  In the medulla and cortex, the renal artery branches into increasingly smaller arteries.  Each of these arteries ends in a blood filtration unit called a nephron.  Two kidneys, on average contain a total of about 2 million nephrons, filtering about 190 litres of blood daily.

Nephrons separate from the blood the wastes that the body cannot use. These waste substances, which include ammonia, urea, uric acid, and excess water, make up urine.  The urine passes into the pelvis layer of the kidney.  A tube called the ureter carries urine from each kidney into the urinary bladder.  Urine collects in the bladder until it passes out of the body through another tube, the urethra.

In addition to producing urine, the kidneys secrete a hormone called erythropoietin, which controls the production of red blood cells.  The kidneys also convert vitamin D from an inactive form to an active form, which is essential for normal bone development.  The kidneys also help maintain the blood pressure of the body by releasing an enzyme called renin.

Which figure of speech is used in the extract,"continuous as the stars that shine and twinkle on the milky way"? Please explain the usage.

This is one of the simplest and most common figures of speech, a simile.

Similes make direct comparisons between two things, generally using the words 'like' or 'as', to make some characteristic of A more dramatically clear because it shares, in some way, that characteristic with B.

In your example from Wordsworth's poem, the 'host of daffodils' is compared to the host of stars in the Milky Way:  both present a vast, continuous view, and Wordsworth's daffodils benefit in our imagination by being compared to the multitudinous stars of the Milky Way.  We can imagine that there must be a lot of them, in a great, continuous, 'twinkling' mass!

Many of our most common expressions and cliches are similes– as white as snow, you sing like a bird, as dumb as a post, etc– but poets have a way of creating new and memorable similes that we often cherish:

LET us go then, you and I, When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a patient etherised upon a table...

(The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, by T.S. Eliot)

What is an example (quote preferably) in the novel that shows both co-existence of good and evil and social inequality?THANK YOU SO MUCH! Harper...

The trial of Tom Robinson and the ensuing courtroom scenes as well as the scenes afterwards clearly portray the co-existence of good and evil as well as social inequalities.

Contrasting the testimony and actions of those called to the witness stand provides all that is necessary to discriminate between personages of ethical character and those without any morals or ethics.  When Bob Ewell perjures himself on the stand, testifying that Tom has struck his daughter and raped her--"I seen that blackn--- yonder ruttin' on my Mayella"--his evil intentions of impugning Tom's character and "saving face" for his daughter and himself are apparent:

"Mr. Tate testified that her right eye was blackened, that she was beaten around the--"

"Oh yeah," said the witness. "I hold with everything Tate said." [that Tom allegedly struck Mayella] 

On the other hand when the ingenuous and candid Tom Robinson testifies, he tells the truth: "Did you ever go on the place [the Ewells] again?"

"Yes suh....Well, I went losts of times"....

"Why did you go inside the fence a lot of times?"

..."She'd call me in, suh. Seemed like every time Ipassed by yonder she'd have some little somethin' for me to do--choppin' kind=lin', totin' water for her....I was glad to do it, Mr. Ewell didn't seem to help her none, and neither did the chillun, and I knowed she didn't have no nickels to spare."

A man of great integrity, Tom even tells the truth when doing so is a social gaff.  For, in his innocence and honesty he tells Atticus Finch that he helped Mayella because he "felt sorry" for her, an admission that no self-protecting black of the 1930s in the South would make.  As a result of Tom's overstepping his social position, Maycomb's jury falsely condemns him because he has violated the mores of a racially segregated society.

Analyze the character of Bartleby in "Bartleby the Scrivener: A Tale of Wall Street"?

This story of the inscrutable Bartleby is appealing because of its ambiguity.  For, it explores several concepts:  the alienation of man, passivity, nonconformity, and psychological imprisonment.  In many ways, it is most relevant today. 

All that is known about Bartleby's history is that his work previous to being hired by the elderly lawyer was as a clerk in the U.S. post office in the dead letter section.  When he is hired and placed behind a screen, perhaps the memories of his alienation and psychological imprisonment reemerge affecting Bartleby's behavior as a scrivener.  In his former forlorness, Bartleby may have lost what it is to be human, for meaning in life depends upon sharing.  After so long of not sharing, Bartleby has lost his will to live:  "I prefer not to," he says until he prefers not to eat and, eventually dies in prison.

Taken in its historical context, Bartleby's character takes on symbolic meaning.  In the 1850s, the relationship between capitalists and workers had developed to the point that there were highly charged conflicts. (The employer/narrator says, "Nothing so aggravates an earnest person as a passive resistance.") And, the close bond between employer and employee became defunct when machine-orientated production eliminated the need for skilled workers who were closely aligned to their employers.  Thus, Bartleby represents the estranged worker in an uncaring system.

What is an alchemist in Coelho's The Alchemist?

Alchemy within the context of this book is a metaphor for one's transformation as a human being, a kind of transcendence from a "base" metal, the ordinary human person, to an elevated form, in alchemy, gold, but metaphorically, for self-actualization, which is the state of being one's own best self, using one's passion, talents, and experiences to their maximum.  Self-actualization is what the alchemist is trying to help the young boy achieve.  As a metaphor this works on another level as well, since there is a certain amount of serendipity involved in science (which alchemy was considered once upon a time), and there is a certain amount of serendipity involved in self-actualization, too. 

How does the motif blood help to develp the tragic flaw of unchecked ambition in Macbeth?i know that he is willing to do anything or shed any blood...

In Macbeth, a thane's ambition is measured in blood.  From Macbeth's first description by the Bleeding Captain in Act I to his beheading in Act V, Macbeth must swim in a river of blood in order to subvert the natural order and become an unnatural King.

Only through blood can Macbeth jump over Duncan, Malcolm, and Donaldbain and achieve his goal.  Not only that, but blood is used to protect the goal.  Macbeth tells Lady Macbeth, "It will have blood; they say, blood will have blood."  In other words, blood begets more blood: one cannot simply kill Duncan; other deaths (Banquo, Macduff) must follow.

In Act II, scene iii, Donaldbain says:

“Our separated fortune shall keep us both the safer. Where we are, there’s in men’s smiles; the near in blood, the nearer bloody.”

Which means: "We’ll both be safer if we go separate ways. Wherever we go, men will smile at us while hiding daggers. Our closest relatives are the ones most likely to murder us." He knows that ambition and blood go hand-in-hand.

Karin Thompson, a critic, agrees:

This energy is sublimated into ambition and culminates with Duncan's murder and the bloody rebirth of Macbeth as an unnatural son and hier to the throne.

Dr. Caroline Cakebread, of the Shakespeare Institute says:

Indeed, Macbeth's first appearance, covered with blood and receiving high praise for the slaughter of others, gives us our first idea about the acceptable patterns of behaviour, which govern the "masculine" side of this world:

"For brave Macbeth--well he deserves that name!-- Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel Which smoked with bloody execution, Like valour's minion Carved out his passage till he faced the slave, Which ne'er shook hands nor bade farewell to him Till he unseamed him from the nave to th' chops, And fixed his head upon our battlements." (1.2.16-23)

So, in sum, ambition is achieved early in Macbeth.  Ambition is short-lived, but the blood keeps flowing after it is achieved.  This shows that ambition achieved by blood leads only to tragedy.

find the number of possible outcomes for a number cube rolled three times

If a dice is rolled once we get 6 possible outcomes.

If it is rolled 3 times there are 6^3 = 216 possible out comes.

The lowest  number is that we can obtain is 1+1+1 = 3 one way.

The highest number we can get is  6+6+6 = 18.

The possible cube number integer between 1 and 18  is  8.

We can get yhis cube number 8  in the following way.

1+1+6

1+2+5

1+3+4

1+4+3

1+5+2

1+5+1

2+1+5

2+2+4

2+3+3

2+4+2

2+5+1

3+1+4

3+2+3

3+3+2

3+4+1

4+1+3

4+2+2

4+3+1

5+1+2

5+2+1

6+1+1

So there are 21 ways we can obtain acube number 8.

John Proctor's death in The Crucible was NOT all for nothing. Why?

John Proctor is easily seen in the end of this play as a "hero" who stands up to the corruption of a society that chooses to uphold the church for reasons other than those that are in the interest of the pure Christian belief. Remember that Miller wrote this play in response to the blacklisting that occurred in the McCarthy era. Freedom of expression artistically and politically was being robbed under the premise that such personal freedoms were a threat to American society.

If we dig deeper into the character, we also recognize that John represents the frailty of man. He fed his desires to have a young woman despite his family reputation in the community.  Did he think he would never be discovered? Did he then go against the church to justify his illicit actions? Did his wife blame herself for turning from him because he had control over her? Does he ever take responsibility for his actions regarding Abigail?

Many argue that Abigail is the evildoer; however, could she represent the loss of innocence in a society overwrought with fear of its own sense of freedom? A freedom that refuses to provide equity for all its citizens. Could she represent the outcome of a future generation when a free society struggles with these fears?

She like Mary Warren and Elizabeth, has no control over her future-she, as a woman, is the drone of the colonial societal structure. Abigail chooses to fight back, and Mary gives in. Elizabeth blames herself. Contrary to Mary and Elizabeth's devotion to God, religion has not given Abigail any comfort. The notion of providence further complicates their relationships.

Does Abigail fight because she has few options?  Does belief in God guarantee the protection of innocence? Not for Abigail.  Abigail's parents were killed while she slept in her bed; her uncle is resentful and unloving.  No one is protecting her. Abigail’s only sense of control is gained from voodoo chants in the forest.   John is seen as the golden ring of opportunity—she pursues him and, in her naiveté, interprets his actions to be "love". His ego allows her to proceed. Does he accept the affair because he knows she has no recourse if it is discovered? Can he justify the offering because he is a man with sexual needs?

Could John's death perhaps represent the death of selfishness in us all?  It takes the near hanging of the mother of his sons before he realizes the impact of his indulgence. It takes the epic scale of witch-hunts and death before he realizes that his self-righteousness is an integral piece of the very thing he despises--gross self-indulgence as a privileged member of a not-so-free society.   To the bitter end he blames Abigail--someone much younger in years and who has markedly less options in society-- for his decisions. Perhaps John dies because we all need to have that aspect of ourselves die.

Freedom for all is an ideal, but rarely real. Abigail disappears-- as mysteriously as she enters. When innocence is so easily taken can it be restored? What does John Proctor's death teach us about the cost of freedom and selfishness?

In The Outsiders, why do you think Dally would have wanted to die?

People like Dally who wear an extremely tough-guy demeanor are protecting themselves fiercely from getting hurt.  If they don't care about anything or don't let anyone get close to them, then nothing can cause them harm.  As Ponyboy realizes, Dally only loved one person in his life - Johnny - and when Johnny died, "he couldn't take it", and the Greasers knew that he was "gonna blow up". Dally loved Johnny as he would love a brother, or a child; Johnny's vulnerability and innocence brought out something noble in him, and when Johnny died Dally was left with a huge void and tumultuous feelings he had no idea how to deal with.  When Dally was shot down in a hail of police bullets, he had "a look of grim triumph on his face", and Ponyboy knew that death was what Dally wanted (Chapter 10).

What were Tom Robinson's last words to Atticus Fitch? PLEASE!!!!!

This occurred on the day when they  took Tom to the prison camp. Tom's last words to Atticus were "Good-bye Mr. Finch, there ain't nothing you can do now, so there ain't no use tryin'" (ch 24). Tom had given up all hope in finding justice.

Atticus offered him no false assurances of making it right, because Atticus did not want to give him false hope.

How does Macduff embody both the heroic ideal and the more human qualities of the Renaissance in Macbeth, Act 4, Scene 3?

Macduff exhibits the qualities of honor and valor that characterize the heroic ideal. In the beginning of Act IV, Scene 3, Malcolm wants to mourn the sad fate that has befallen Scotland, but Macduff wants to take action to "hold fast the mortal sword, and like good men, bestride our downfall'n birthdom" (lines 4-5). Although the wisdom of his decision is often called into question by critics, Macduff has left behind his wife and children, traveling to England to raise an army to fight Macbeth. When Macduff learns at the end of this scene that his family has been murdered, he allows himself a moment for grief, then gathers himself and vows to avenge himself and save Scotland, bravely exemplifying the heroic ideal.

Macduff also demonstrates the qualities of humanism and reason that is characteristic of the Renaissance man. When Malcolm, in an attempt to measure Macduff's loyalty to his country, paints himself as a potential ruler with more vices than Macbeth, Macduff at first tries to rationalize the faults he lists in order to convince Malcolm, and himself, that no matter how bad a person Malcolm might be, he could not be worse than Macbeth. In doing so, Macduff almost fails the test with which Malcolm is trying him, but he realizes in time that, if what Malcolm says is true, then there is no hope for Scotland. Reason, though fallible, is central to the approach of a man of the Renaissance towards life, and Macduff demonstrates this orientation in trying to justify what is best for Scotland.

Macduff is also a man of feeling, showing a level of humanism also characteristic to the Renaissance man. When he learns of the murder of his family, Malcolm immediately tells Macduff to "dispute it like a man" (line 256), but Macduff insists on first allowing himself to grieve, telling Malcolm that though he will certainly rise up to avenge himself, he must first "feel it as a man...(he) cannot but remember such things were, that were most precious to (him)" (lines 258-260).

In the Grapes of Wrath how has the Joad family and all the people in general lost their way spiritually?I've already narrowed what I think to...

Lack of unity is another way to look at this novel with regards to the changing the Joads undergo.

At the beginning of their journey, Ma Joad was adamant that the family should stick together. Her outlook was family first before all else. She valiantly attempts to hold the family together, but life on the road proved too much for them.

The deaths of Granma and Grampa Joad due to the stress of the travelling conditions starts the family's unravelling.  Noah does not wish to continue either, and just stays put, never to be seen again. Connie buckles under the strain and leaves his pregnant wife to fend for herself. Ma Joad's vision of family unity disintegrates.

In the end, Tom finds he has to leave his family, as well. He found his calling as a voice for the migrants. Ironically, Al had always wanted to go off on his own, yet stays loyal to his mother's wishes.

While Ma's vision of family unity does not stay together, she finds a unity in the plight of all the migrants. The "poor folks" form their own type of family. They do this of necessity, as they are all finding that families are splitting  apart due to the conditions they are faced with.

Ma learns she is duty bound to care for more than just family. Tom, who previously shied away from personal interaction outside the family, becomes a leader, and Rose of Sharon gives life , not to her own baby, but to a stranger-with her unused milk. The Joads find connections apart from family.

What is a detailed explanation of mercantilism?

During 16th to 18th century Great Britain practiced an economic philosophy called Mercantilism in international trade. Great Britain, the mother country was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. Colonizing America and pursuing a policy of mercantilism greatly increased their power.Mercantilism is the idea that colonies existed for the benefit of the Mother Country and it states that nation becomes stronger by keeping strict control over its trade. Britain sought to increase its power by obtaining large amount of silver and gold and by establishing favorable trade with its thirteen colonies. Based on these ideas, Great Britain, the mother country made decisions that were more advantageous to themselves than they were to the colonies. There were many regulations that were passed to support this theory; Navigation Act of 1651, Act of 1660, and many laws as well. This definitely angered the colonists, but this didn’t really play a role in prompting Americans to rebel in 1776. There were far more other reasons for the Americans to rebel in 1776. Therefore, Mercantilism plays a small role in sparking the rebellion.

To begin with, the theory of Mercantilism represents the colonists as Britain’s tenants providing “rent” by supplying raw materials to England. In return, colonists had to buy the finished products back from Great Britain. To have to export more than you import is not beneficial. But to Britain it was more than beneficial. Britain wanted to accumulate as much hard money as possible, since colonial money was worthless in England. Hard money was the source of prosperity, prestige, and the strength for a nation.

Furthermore, Mercantilist economy is a managed economy, managed by the larger and stronger power. The mother country, Great Britain wanted to be self-sufficient, but for this to be successful, it needed laws and regulations to protect wealthy British merchants and industrialists at the expense of the colonists. The regulations that supported mercantilism was the Navigation Act of 1651 which stated that all imports or exports had to be carried in Great Britain ships. Act of 1660 required that European nations must sell products to the colonies by first stopping at English ports where they would have to pay a custom duty, taxes, which is a way for Britain gain more money. Exports from the colonies could only be shipped in British or colonial ships and had to be sent to England first. After that, the products would be taxed and was allowed to be sent to other countries in European nation. Colonial products could not be shipped directly to any foreign nation. These laws and regulations supported the theory of Mercantilism.

In addition, Mercantilism doesn’t play much of a factor in prompting Americans to rebel in 1776. As suppliers of raw goods only, the colonies could not compete with Britain in manufacturing. In fact English ships were favored. It’s being said that the relationship between Britain and the colonies in the mid-1700s were good. The colonies joined Britain to fight the French in the seven years’ war. During this time the British had to deal with the wars in Europe and really didn't enforce the Navigation Acts, due to their focus with the war. Colonists began to prosper on its own by trading with non-British colonies in the Caribbean. Britain once again tried to enforce these laws after the French and Indian War, but the colonists objected. Moreover, Britain had a lot of debt from the war and thought that the colonies in America should pay much of the debt so Britain imposed several acts such as the Stamp and Townsend act.  Because of this, their relationship deteriorated, prompting Americans to rebel in 1776

Are there stylistic similarities between Sherman Alexie and Toni Morrison?This is more as it relates to postmodern themes in American fiction.

What an interesting question! Two authors with very distinct styles, indeed. I think that both authors express similar IDEAS and THEMES, but the way they deliver these ideas (another part of style) is not so similar: however, this is worth exploring. In Alexie's The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian and Morrison's Song of Solomon, two young men (Milkman and Junior) experience loss and struggle to discover their cultural identities, and both authors lend voice to the characters. However, Morrison writes in third person and Alexie's Junior directly addresses the audience in first person. Also, Alexie uses a great deal of humor and hyperbole to express theme of oppression, while Morrison tends more toward the ironic, while also embedding historical allusions that deserve careful analysis. Also, the narrative structures are very different. Alexie, while anecdotal, tells a linear story, while Morrison's tale weaves in and out of past, present, and future. As for language, both authors use quite a bit of dialogue to develop voice, but internal monologue is more prevalent in Morrison. Figurative language of simile and metaphor are similar, I guess, but overall, I think the emphasis should be on stylistic differences on similar themes. One more thing: Conflict between Rowdy and Junior could be compared to Junior and Guitar, particularly at the end of both novels. Hope that helps. Again, I am treating style as form more than content.

What is Ralph's personality in Lord of the Flies?

Ralph is charismatic and a natural leader. He is empathetic and observant and a problem-solver. For example, he tells the boys, "We can help them to find us. If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire." Ralph tries to assess problems intelligently and not emotionally, asking for example, "What was the sensible thing to do? " His friendliness and logic make him a natural choice to assume a leadership role.

For more on Ralph and other character's in Golding's novel, please visit the link below.

Society in Brave New World is efficient, productive, and safe, but freedom and individuality are sacrificed. What is Mond's perspective on this?

While Mustapha Mond rationalizes that the happiness in the New World is preferable to the "high art" of the old world, it is easy for Mond to say this since he can have the best of both worlds, as he informs Bernard Marx:

"But as I make the laws here, I can also break them. With impunity....Which I'm afraid you can't do."

When the Savage says that he wants discomfort, God, poetry, danger, freedom, goodness, and sin; Mond tells him that he is claiming the right to be unhappy. 

"I claim them all," said the Savage at last.

Mustapha Mond shrugged his shoulders.  "You're welcome." he said.

Clearly, Mustapha--which means "the chosen one"--has accepted the "synthetic standards" of Community, Identity, and Stability, an artificial world that maintains a docility among the citizens that allows him security in his role as Controller, a position in which he can violate the law and enjoy some personal freedom, anyway. Once a gifted scientist and one of a few who can exert free will, Mond made a choice to be Controller instead of a dissident like some other Alpha-Pluses. Having read Shakespeare and other literature as well as history, Mond is aware of morality, but he chooses to employ his morality and intelligence to the amoral and conditioned goals of the utopia of the New World [Mond is a derivative of the French word monde, meaning world].

What is the outcome of the fight scene at the end?Act 5

The outcome of the fight that pretty much ends the play is that everyone dies.  Or at least Hamlet, Laertes, Gertrude, and Claudius all end up dead.

Gertrude is the first to die.  She drinks from the cup of wine that Claudius has poisoned.  It was meant for Hamlet, but Gertrude drinks from it first.

Then Claudius dies next.  Laertes tells Hamlet that Laertes' sword was poisoned and that Claudius was responsible.  Hamlet stabs Claudius with the sword and makes him drink the rest of the poisoned wine.

Laertes and Hamlet then die from the poison that was on Laertes' sword.

What were Stalin's goals in Eastern Europe?

The main purpose of Stalin's actions in East Europe at the
end of the Second World War was simply a continuation of Russian policies since the 16th
century, to expand as much as possible in all directions.  Russia had gained and then
lost control of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia, and of course had regained them during
the war.  Russia had invaded and seized parts of Poland more than once, invaded Germany
in 1914, and invaded Poland and the Balkan states (intending to invade Germany again)
during the 1918-1919 period, just after the Revolution.  British and French troops
helped the Poles and Balkans drive them out.

Stalin did not
seek a buffer between the USSR and the West, he wished to dominate the Eastern European
countries.  What he set up were simply puppet governments, which had no more autonomy
than those countries had enjoyed under the Nazis.  In some cases, such as Romania,
less.  His goal for Eastern Europe was to set up Communist governments which would be
controlled by the Soviet state, with Soviet generals controlling their militaries and
Soviet "political advisers" controlling their governments.  He had the provisional
government in Poland in 1945 arrested and executed, replacing them with puppets, etc. 
To him, control of Eastern Europe meant control of their resources, industries and
populations as a means of continuing to expand the control of the USSR and the "world
revolution."

In what ways are the pigs abusing their leadership offices?

The pigs are exploiting the other animals efforts for their own personal gain. The other animals are working 60 ours a week to build the windmill, and carry out other back-breaking labor, while all the pigs do is give orders.

The pigs are also selling much needed food for their own profit, even though rations are getting scarce. To quiet any questioning of this practice, the pigs use the intimidation of growling dogs to ward off protests.

The pigs also move into the farmhouse and sleep in beds, while the other animals must sleep outside in the barn in their stalls.

Describe the narrator Mama from "Everyday Use" by Alice Walker

The mother as narrator of Alice Walker's "Everyday Use" is a fairly simple woman who self-esteem is rather low at the beginning of the story.  She has made the best preparations that she can with her yard, but is anxious about seeing her daughter, who has gone to college when she has had no education herself; she has trouble looking some people in the eye, whereas Dee does not: "Hesitation was no part of her nature."  As she anticipates the arrival of her successful daughter, the mother imagines a prettier, slimmer version of herself meeting her on a TV show.

However, as the story progresses, there is a transformation in the mother.  For, she realizes that Dee's new thinking is not necessarily better.  The articles in the house that Dee wants are valued because they are stylish; Maggie and her mother are endeared to them because they remind them of their loved ones.  With this realization, Mrs. Johnson looks at Maggie:

When I looked at her like that, something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet.  Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout.  I did something I never had done before:  hugged maggie to me, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts our of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap.  Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open.

No longer worried about what Dee thinks of her, Mrs. Johnson rewards the daughter most deserving.  "Maggie smiled;...a real smile, not scared....And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the house and go to bed.

Why was Linda segregated and shunned by the rest of the pueblo in Brave New World?

Chapter 8 of Aldous Huxley's Brave New
World is a pivotal chapter as it juxtaposes the "civilized" culture of the
New World against that of the "savage" Reservation.  Stranded after having fallen and
disappeared from the site of the Director who has taken her there, Linda is rescued by
the Indians and must live with them.  In her culture "everyone belongs to everyone
else," so she does not understand the immorality of sleeping with all the men that she
does.  For doing so, the women beat her as she is considered by them as a whore who has
no right to their men.

Furthering the contrast in cultures
is the fact that Linda does not know how to use the weaving machines before she is
ostracized.  Later she cannot mend John's clothes and the other children ridicule him. 
Because of her rejection and isolation, Linda drinks the mescal and tries to escape as
she has done in the New World with
soma .

With the narration of John of
the past experiences he and Linda have had, the contrast in the true values of the
reservation with the manufactured values of the New World that exists in the years of
Ford becomes very apparent.  Clearly, the New World has many
flaws. 

This chapter also serves to foreshadow the
impossibility of John's adjustment to the New World when Bernard takes this "noble
savage" back with him.  The Rousseauian motif cannot be missed here as once exposed to
the New World, the innocent and noble John is sullied and cannot be
happy.

What does Odysseus tell Penelope when he finally returns home?Why doesn't he tell her who he is right away?

In Book 17 of Homer's Odyssey,
Odysseus finally returns to his home after being away for 20 years. Some readers wonder
why Odysseus does not tell Penelope immediately that he is
home.

One reason for this has been set forth from the
beginning of the poem, namely the fate of Agamemnon. From the first book of the epic,
the audience has been reminded that when returned home from Troy, he was murdered by
Aegisthus and Agamemnon's own wife, Clytemnestra. In Odyssey 11, Odysseus even
encounters the spirit of Agamemnon, who recalls what he suffered at his wife's hands,
but who also suggests that Odysseus' wife Penelope is not the sort of woman who would do
such a thing.

Still, Odysseus has travelled much and has
been tricked on more than one occasion, so he wants to be careful. Even in Odyssey 19,
when Odysseus and Penelope converse, Odysseus is disguised as a beggar and tells
Penelope a fictional story, although this story does offer hope to Penelope that
Odysseus is still alive.

So, Odysseus does not reveal his
true identity to Penelope until the time is right because he wants to make sure that
Penelope is not a second Clytemnestra.

what are advantage and disadvantage of wiring electric circuits in series?what are advantage and disadvantage of wiring electric circuits in...

Hi Nanosy,

your bulb example
is a good one as that's the major advantage of using parallel circuits. When you connect
components up in parallel they are pretty much all separately connected to the power
source (the cell/battery/mains) so if one bulb 'blows' all the others will still stay on
ie each component/bulb is isolated. The disadvantage or parallel circuits is that the
current is split between all the branches, which means that less electrons per second
are moving through each bulb so less energy is transfered and the bulbs don't glow as
brightly. The advatage of series is that all the current passes through each component,
the disadvantage - that if one component breaks the entire circuit is broken. So burned
out bulb in parallel chain is the (only) one that's off, in a series chain (like fairy
lights) all will be off and you'll have to test each one with a new
bulb.

What are the characteristics of dramatic monologue in "My Last Duchess"?

Here are some notes and outline points to help you write a response to this question:

The monologue's characteristics:

• give a psychological portrait of a powerful Renaissance aristocrat


• is presented to the reader as if he or she were simply "eavesdropping" on a slice of casual conversation


• is a possible confession to his former wife's murder


• foreshadows the fate of his next duchess


• reveals the speaker's extreme jealousy and pride in male reputation


• reveals irony, both verbal and situational.  The speaker has his former wife killed because of the young woman's "faults": compassion, modesty, humility, delight in simple pleasures, and courtesy to those who served her


• reveals the powerlessness of women due to arranged marriages and male sexism


• depicts the inner workings of his speaker, but has in fact allowed the speaker to reveal his own failings and imperfections to the reader


• begins and concludes with the Duke drawing his listener's attention to works of art: first, the painting of the "last Duchess," his former wife; in the final lines, a sculpture of the sea-god Neptune taming a "seahorse."  The Duke's refined taste as a collector bears no relation to the humanistic qualities of the art itself


• reveals beautiful language in iambic pentameter and rhymed couplets, the most natural cadence in the English language

Why is Martin Luther King Jr.s' "I Have a Dream" speech considered importantly historical?

This speech was important historically for a few reasons:

1. It symbolizes a moment in time, the Civil Rights Movement. As stated above, this was important to secure equal rights regardless of race.

2. It references major pieces of history attaching them to the moment he was creating himself. He quoted from the Declaration of Independence, alludes to the Gettysburg address and Abe Lincoln, and references the music of both a Negro spiritual and a national patriotic song, My Country Tis of Thee. Each of these pieces deal with freedom and the rights of man.

3. He united the country by citing many mountain ranges in many states. This is important because each section of America represents mini-cultures.

4. The inspiration that this speech induced models what happens in all great movements. Thus, when people want to cause a great act, here is a model worth a good look to copy. King is noted for his non-violent approach to enacting change and this speech symbolizes that.

List five events from the person's life you read about in the order which they occurred.

1.  From his earliest memories on a Mississippi plantation, Richard Wright's formative years were characterized by poverty and instability after the desertion of his father and his mother's severe illnesses.

2.  Highlighted by the murder of his Uncle Hoskins by white men jealous of his modest business success, Richard's life was irrevocably influenced by the oppressive racial climate of the early 1900's.

3.  As soon as he was old enough, Richard escaped the deep South, moved to Memphis, and worked a variety of jobs. In each of these he experienced the degradation of being a black man in a white man's world.

4.  In spite of his struggles, Richard discovered he had a gift for writing and a hunger for books which he sought to satisfy by borrowing a library card from a white man, since black men were at the time denied this priviledge.

5.  Richard finally escaped the South altogether by moving to Chicago, where he found racial barriers less rigid, but still experienced a vast 'psychological distance" between the races.

Macduff says, "Oh Scotland, Scotland!" Why?

This occurs in Act IV, scene iii, when Macduff and Malcolm are speaking about the sad state of affairs in their beloved country of Scotland.  Malcolm, the son of the slain king Duncan and rightful heir to the throne, is testing the loyalty of Macduff, making sure that Macduff is really there to support him and his effort at raising an army to take the throne away from Macbeth.  This quote, "O Scotland, Scotland!" is a sincere, heartfelt plea of sadness at the state of his beloved country on the part of Macduff.

Check the links below for more information.  Good luck!

In Heart of Darkness, could Marlow's journey symbolize one walking through Hell?

Marlow's journey is usually seen as symbolic of a journey into the mind and soul of a person. Light and dark are used to represent good and evil. As Marlow progresses into the African continent, he's going into darkness. This darkness of Africa then can be representative of the darkness of a person's soul. Marlow learns on his journey that all men are capable of evil, and he sees this in Kurtz and others. We see him come out of the darkness into the light. He returns with the knowledge that he is capable of evil, but he won't allow it to control him. We never know what another person is truly thinking or what he/she is deep down in his/her soul, do we? That is the darkness/evil that lies in each of us. I guess the trip could be compared to hell, but those who go to hell aren't allowed to return, whereas Marlow is. 

How is the setting important to Frankenstein?

Shelly’s novel responds to the notion of the “sublime,” central to Romanticism, that nature can inspire and reflect the human soul.  I quote here from an excellent discussion by Heather Mah on the topic of landscape in Frankenstein.  “Mary Shelley made use of the landscape to communicate Victor's fluctuating mentality. Because he has successfully cross over the boundary separating God from man to bring something inanimate to life, Victor has removed himself far from ordinary human-kind. He now possessed an unearthly power that sets him apart from his fellow human beings. Thus, unlike ordinary humans who find picturesque landscapes awe-inspiring, Victor finds such landscapes indifferent and incapable of curing his troubled mind. Rather he can only identify with enormous, sublime landscapes because these are the only landscapes great and powerful enough to take his mind away from his problems and to offer him some sort of comfort in his present unstable state.”  She provides a fuller discussion on the topic at the url listed below.

What does Emerson say about traveling, and what does he mean by "whim"?

"whim" means "for the slightest reason," and Emerson uses this term to refer to the need for a person to respond to the genius within him and to rely on himself rather than wait for responses from others.  He says "I shun father and mother and wife and brother, when my genius calls me" (he does not mention husband, suggesting the gendered nature of his argument), and he should not need to give an explanation for his departure. Emerson goes on to say that hopefully it will be more than a whim that calls a man away, and he does this to temper what seems to be a hyperbole in the original statement.  But his point is that a man needs to rely on his intuition and to dare to be different.

How important is a worldview and its connection with the study of philosophy?What are some views on metahpysics and epistemology. Also, can you...

Big questions.  I'm going to define some things first, so
forgive me if I state things you already know.

Metaphysics,
broken down means "above" physics. Meta - 'above.' Historically, it has meant concepts,
ideas or non-physical phenomena: things that exist but have no discernible substance or
matter. Souls, thoughts, and abstractions and qualities are common
examples. 

Epistemology is the study of knowledge: what we
know. How we know 'what we know' is a matter of debate. Do we know things only through
experience (empiricism) or can we know things just using reason and though
(rationality), or are there other ways of knowing things: intuition, a priori knowledge,
a memory of absolute Forms (Plato).

Ontology is the science
of being: what a thing (or event) actually is.  To differentiate ontology and
epistemology for the sake of contextualizing all of this, think of it this
way:

Kant's terms:

phenomena -
how we perceive reality through experience, including reason or thought.  we see reality
with a kind of lens - this is a cliche but an effective way of describing the
perspective of experience.

noumena - things as they
essentially are.

So, epistemology is the study of how we
see the world - phenomena - (Reality) and ontology is the attempt to understand being,
how a thing actually is - noumena -(Actuality). 

Let's say
you see a building in the distance. The phenomenal existence, to you, is that it is a
building. How do you know it is actually a building? Well, from experience of seeing
other buildings and reasoning that it must be a building because it looks like on, it's
adjacent to other buildings in a city, etc. But you walk to it. When you reach the
"building" you discover it is a hologram. From a distance, you couldn't conclude it was
a hologram. You had to "get to it."

A worldview, in this
context, is how you get to the allegorical hologram. I use "allegorical" because it
could be anything. The worldview in philosophy with respect to epistemology and ontology
is your method or (teleological) approach to understanding things as they are via
experience or beyond experience. Some think mathematics is the underlying noumena of all
phenomena (an equation gives you a SIN wave). Some think it involves a structured way of
thinking. Different worldviews apply to different methodologies of reality (or
Actuality, to stick with the terms we are using). Marx used historical materialism to
"get to" the underlying mechanism of historical development. Heisenberg used quantum
mechanics. Kant developed a system of understanding most things but believed there were
things that escaped human capability.

I am dodging your
last question. How important is it? Extremely important: depending on its applications.
Marx's philosophy was a response to oppressive economic forces, so there is an ethical
and humanistic impetus there. Other worldviews have included theological, social, and
ethical applications. In the broader sense, I think most philosophers today would say a
worldview includes much more: feminism, religion, science; ecological sustainability is
a worldview based in science with social
applications.

Knowing when something is a hologram and when
it is a building is the process from epistemology to ontology. That process is usually
embarked upon with other concerns in mind: the ethical, social, technological etc. the
understanding is the icing on the cake: if there is a cake. Philsophy is the
process.

What is the role of fibrin in blood clotting?

Fibrin is a protein substance that is synthesized by the liver and plays an essential role in blood clotting.

Fibrin is formed through polymerization and is the component of the clot, that stops the bleeding.

The doctor may recommend the fibrin test if the patient shows deficiencies in coagulation or if suffering from massive bleeding.

The normal values of fibrin in the blood: 200-400 mg per 100 ml of blood.

Decrease of fibrin levels mentioned above can cause bleeding in patients who have liver disease.

Fibrin increases, over values mentioned above, appear in acute infectious diseases and especially in rheumatic fever.

Relatively high levels of fibrin are occurring during pregnancy.

How does the scene between Portia and the Prince of Morocco further Portia’s characterization?It is in Act II of the play.

Portia flatters Prince Morocco that he looks as "ari as any comer I have looked on yet," yet we doubt her (2.1.20-21). But she would not like him, I would guess, not just because of his color (in this play that does explore prejudice) but because he is so insufferably vain.  He is quick to tell her that "I swear /The best regarded virgins of our clime/ Have loved it [his color] too (2.1.8-10.) Before he chooses the casket he continues to brag about his exploits, comparing himself, for example, to a Persian ruler and Hercules (25-32). Interestingly, we do not see him again until 2.7 (six scenes later), when he finally makes his choice. In these scene we learn about the avariciousness of Shylock. Then, when Morocco chooses, we learn again he is vain and too confident by the casket he chooses: "in love I do deserve" (2.7.38).  Portia is obedient, however, for she is fully prepared to follow her father's orders even if this vain, unpleasant man chooses correctly. When she says "Let all of his complxion choose me so" she comments on his character every bit as much as his color, and we are uncertain as to which offends her more.

What hidden rules of conduct do people in Maycomb county follow because of race? how does race structure relationships?To Kill a Mockingbird by...

One particular of the hidden rules of conduct between black and whites in Maycomb is exemplified in the scene in which Calpurnia brings the children to her church.  For, even though the Finches have gone beyond what Aunt Alexandra believes is decorous in their affection for Calpurnia, unspoken rules are that she should not think that she is actually a member of the family.  But, as she dresses the children for church, saying to Scout and Jem when they object,

"I don't want anybody sayin' I don't look afer my children."

The other members of Calpurnia's church are clearly aware of the hidden boundaries of racial conduct having been violated when they see the Finch maid enter with the children:

"What you up to, Miss Cal?" said a voice behind [them]...."I wants to know why you bringin' white chillun to a n-- church."

"They's my comp'ny," said Calpurnia.

"Yeah, an' I reckon you's comp'ny at the Finch house durin' the week."

A murmur ran through the crowd.

So, while it is acceptable for Calpurnia to take the children to town with her when she shops, she has overstepped boundaries by bringing them to a church that is designated exclusively for blacks.

Is global warming real?

As I understand it, the consensus among scientists is that global warming is real.  In fact, there is little dispute on this issue.  The EPA, for example, says that the temperature of the Earth has increased by about 1.2 to 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit in the last 100 years.  This is not really in dispute.

What is disputed is WHY this is happening.  Most scientists believe that the warming is coming about due to human activity.  Specifically, they believe that it is caused by the release of "greenhouse gasses" into the atmosphere.

Howeber, many people do not believe this.  They argue that the increase in temperature is a natural occurrence.  The Earth's temperature has changed at times in the past (giving us ice ages, for example) and people argue that it is simply doing this again.

How and why do you think Huxley uses Shakespeare's works in Brave New World?What do you think of the affect of the works in the context of Brave...

Much of what John has learned on the Reservation of the interplay of high emotions has been vicariously experienced in his readings of the plays of Shakespeare.  While he loves his mother, Linda is able to return very little feeling to him since she has been programmed to have no real emotion and only the most instinctive motherly feeling emerges in her.  In addition, because he is her child, John does not have friendships with younger people that would help him develop his expression of emotions. So, his knowledge of Shakespeare's plays provides John with the language and experience of emotion and thought.

Upon his arrival in the New World, John experiences certain feelings, but all he has to relate them to are his readings of Shakespeare's plays.  For example, when he first looks around and sees all the clean, prosperous environment, he likens himself to Miranda of Shakespeare's tempest, who also has no knowledge of other beings outside of her father.  John echoes the words of Miranda at her first sight of the men her father Prospero has brought to his island:

...O brave new world!

That has such people in't (5.1.119-120)

Upon seeing Lenina, John is immediately captivated, feeling the infatuation that compares to that of the love-struck Romeo:

The blood rushed up into the oung man's face...and was so much overcomethat he hadto turn away and pretend to be looking very hard at something on the other side of the square.

Lenina seems the perfect vision of womanhood to John at this point.  But, he is later disappointed as she does not compare to the fair Juliet.  When she takes him to the feelies, he watches the violence of emotion on the screen and can only liken it to Othello, in which many of Iago's speeches contain very explicit and degrading sexual language.  Like Othello, John feels rage after his experience.  John's experiences in the New World also parallel those of Othello as he shares with this character the violation of trust since Bernard betrays him.  Like Othello, John commits suicide as a result.  Unfortunately, having the emotions expressed only in the old, anachronistic world of Shakespeare, John cannot feel fulfilled in the emotionless New World.  Like the plays he has read, John's life, too, is a tragedy.

What is advatage of on-line search?

Are you asking about the advantage of online search as
opposed to looking things up in actual physical books?  If so, it's like the advantage
of telephoning someone who lives 10 miles away over walking to talk to
them.

As someone who had to look up lots of stuff in the
days before the internet, I tell you that it was no fun at all.  For little things, you
had to have a set of encyclopedias.  That cost a lot of money, quickly went out of date,
and gave you access to only one perspective.

Then when it
came to research papers, things were even worse.  You would have to find out where the
information was located and go there and get it.  For example, I remember having to
drive 50 miles to the state archives to find some information that I could now get
standing here in my kitchen.